2000—2022年黄河下游游荡段冲刷模拟  

Simulation of erosion in the braided reach of the Lower Yellow River from 2000 to 2022

作　　者：隋迎春 申红彬 王海周 华广 曹兵 SUI Yingchun;SHEN Hongbin;WANG Haizhou;HUA Guang;CAO Bing(Dongying Water Authority,Dongying 257091,China;School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450045,China;Dongying Water Conservancy and Irrigation Service Center,Dongying 257091,China)

机构地区：[1]东营市水务局,山东东营257091 [2]华北水利水电大学水利学院,河南郑州450045 [3]东营市水利灌溉服务中心,山东东营257091

出　　处：《水利水运工程学报》2025年第2期38-45,共8页Hydro-Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目(U22A20237);水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室(筹)研究基金资助项目(2023-SYSJJ-08)。

摘　　要：自黄河小浪底水库蓄水运用并调水调沙以来,下游游荡段河床持续冲刷,输沙与冲刷效率显著下降。如何科学构建黄河下游游荡段持续冲刷期间输沙与冲刷效率调整的计算方法,成为后续开展调水调沙重点关注的问题。考虑到实测输沙率测量误差对河床冲淤计算的影响,以花园口进口站实测输沙率为基础,通过模型计算高村出口站输沙率,以达到部分修正高村出口站实测输沙率的目的。基于河床滞后响应模型与沙量平衡法,结合黄河下游输沙计算幂律函数公式,推导建立了考虑河床冲淤过程中输沙系数调整的输沙率滞后响应模型,并应用于游荡段在2000—2022年持续冲刷期间输沙与冲刷效率调整过程的模拟。结果表明,对于游荡段在小浪底水库蓄水运用与调水调沙前后高村出口站输沙率与河床累计冲淤量的变化过程,模拟效果良好;对于游荡段在持续冲刷期间冲刷效率的调整过程,相比实测沙量平衡法计算结果,模拟结果与断面法实测冲刷效率变化趋势更为符合。这表明通过该模型计算可在一定程度上减小高村出口站实测输沙率误差的影响。Since the impoundment and water-sediment regulation operations of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir,the riverbed in the braided reach of the lower Yellow River has experienced continuous erosion,with significant declines in sediment transport and erosion efficiency.A critical research focus is the development of an accurate computational method for adjusting sediment transport and erosion efficiency during ongoing erosion of this reach.To address the impact of measurement errors in observed sediment transport rates on riverbed erosion-deposition calculations,this study utilized observed data from the Huayuankou intake station and modeled the sediment transport rate at the Gaocun outlet station to partially correct measurement errors at Gaocun.A sediment transport rate lag response model was established,incorporating the riverbed’s delayed response and the sediment mass balance method,combined with the power-law function formula for sediment transport calculations in the lower Yellow River.This model was applied to simulate the adjustment process of sediment transport and erosion efficiency during continuous erosion from 2000 to 2022.The results demonstrated that the model performed well in simulating the changes in sediment transport rate and cumulative erosion-deposition at the Gaocun outlet station before and after the Xiaolangdi Reservoir’s operations.The simulation of erosion efficiency adjustments during continuous erosion showed a better match with the measured trend using the cross-sectional method compared to the results calculated by the measured sediment mass balance method.This indicates that the model can effectively reduce the impact of measurement errors in observed sediment transport rates at Gaocun to some extent.

关 键 词：黄河下游 游荡段 持续冲刷 冲刷效率 

分 类 号：TV142[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]