低溶解氧下腐殖土生化系统处理农村污水的效能  

Performance of Humus Soil Biochemical System in Treating Rural Wastewater under Low Dissolved Oxygen Conditions

作　　者：都正良 钟娅 张辉 赵旭 王杰康 王国鹏 余登 付鹏 欧阳奎 赵风斌 柴晓利[1] DU Zheng-liang;ZHONG Ya;ZHANG Hui;ZHAO Xu;WANG Jie-kang;WANG Guo-peng;YU Deng;FU Peng;OUYANG Kui;ZHAO Feng-bin;CHAI Xiao-li(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Yunnan Urban&Rural Construction Investment Co.Ltd.,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]云南省城乡建设投资有限公司,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2025年第7期102-109,共8页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助面上项目(51978495);云南省城乡建设投资有限公司委托项目(04002531490)。

摘　　要：针对传统AO_(N)工艺曝气量大、能耗高等问题,开发出腐殖土生化系统(HSBS)并处理模拟农村污水,考察了HSBS与AO_(N)工艺在污染物去除效能、污泥特征及微生物群落方面的差异。结果表明,HSBS在低溶解氧(DO为0.3~0.7 mg/L)条件下对污水中COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TN的去除率分别为97.1%、91.2%、84.4%,相应出水浓度分别为11.0、3.5和6.3 mg/L,其中对TN的去除率较AO_(N)工艺提升了12.6%,表现出良好的处理效果。高通量测序结果显示,与AO_(N)工艺相比,HSBS具有更高的微生物群落丰富度和多样性,并且该系统中存在Proteobacteria、Patescibacteria、Chloroflexi和Bacteroidota等多种优势菌门,在生化脱氮过程中发挥着重要作用,增强了HSBS对污染物的去除效能。可见,HSBS可替代AO_(N)处理农村污水,为农村污水高效低耗处理提供了技术和理论参考。To address the issues of high aeration requirements and energy consumption associated with the traditional anoxic-oxic(AO_(N))process,a humus soil biochemical system(HSBS)was developed for the treatment of simulated rural wastewater.This study investigated the differences between HSBS and the AO_(N)process in terms of pollutant removal efficiency,sludge characteristics,and microbial community.Under low dissolved oxygen conditions(0.3 mg/L to 0.7 mg/L),the HSBS achieved removal efficiencies of 97.1%,91.2%,and 84.4%for COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and TN in wastewater,respectively,with corresponding effluent concentrations of 11.0 mg/L,3.5 mg/L,and 6.3 mg/L.Compared to the AO_(N)process,the TN removal efficiency was enhanced by 12.6%,demonstrating superior treatment performance.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed that the HSBS exhibited greater microbial community richness and diversity in comparison to the AO_(N)process.Notably,several dominant bacterial phyla were identified,including Proteobacteria,Patescibacteria,Chloroflexi,and Bacteroidota.These microorganisms played a crucial role in biochemical nitrogen removal,thereby enhancing the pollutant removal efficiency of the HSBS.The HSBS has the potential to replace AO_(N),offering a technical and theoretical reference for the efficient and low-consumption treatment of rural wastewater.

关 键 词：农村污水 脱氮 腐殖土生化系统 低溶解氧 微生物群落 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]