沙溪庙组硬质砂岩地层异形PDC齿的设计与研究  

Design and study of special-shaped PDC cutter for hard sandstone strata of Shaximiao Formation

作　　者：马亚超[1] 罗逸非 荣准 陶垒 曾汇川[2] 蒋东[2] 张文远 MA Yachao;LUO Yifei;RONG Zhun;TAO Lei;ZENG Huichuan;JIANG Dong;ZHANG Wenyuan(School of Mechatronic Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Northeast Sichuan Gas Mine,Petro China Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company,Dazhou 635000,China;Engineering Technology Research Institute,CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited,Urumqi 830063,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学机电工程学院,四川成都610500 [2]中国石油西南油气田公司川东北气矿,四川达州635000 [3]中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司工程技术研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830063

出　　处：《工程设计学报》2025年第2期262-271,共10页Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(51904263);企事业单位委托科技资助项目(XNSJS2023-48)。

摘　　要：为解决川东沙溪庙组硬质砂岩地层PDC(polycrystalline diamond compact,聚晶金刚石复合片)钻头机械钻速低、磨损严重及钻井成本高的问题,对异形PDC齿在沙溪庙组硬质砂岩地层的破岩性能进行了综合研究。针对沙溪庙组砂岩地层高研磨性、硬塑性的特点,设计了斧形齿、圆弧曲面齿、斧形曲面齿和斜斧形齿等4种异形PDC齿,并建立了PDC齿切削与压入破岩结合的综合破岩比功评价方法。随后,利用破岩仿真模型,开展了异形PDC齿结构参数优化设计,并对优化后的异形PDC齿进行了破岩性能仿真分析。结果表明:齿刃角为130°的斧形齿和圆弧半径为25 mm的圆弧曲面齿的综合破岩比功最小。最终确定斧形曲面齿的圆弧半径为25 mm,齿刃角为130°,斜斧形齿的齿刃角为130°,倾斜角度为70°。4种异形PDC齿的综合破岩比功和齿刃温度均低于常规PDC齿,且综合破岩比功与磨损高度呈正相关。室内破岩试验结果表明,斧形齿与斧形曲面齿具有更优异的破岩性能。研究结果为沙溪庙组硬质砂岩地层的个性化PDC钻头设计提供了理论基础。To address the issues of low mechanical drilling speed,severe wear,and high drilling costs of PDC(polycrystalline diamond compact)bits in the hard sandstone strata of the Shaximiao Formation in eastern Sichuan,a comprehensive study was conducted on the rock-breaking performance of special-shaped PDC cutters in the Shaximiao Formation hard sandstone strata.Aiming at the high abrasiveness and hard-plastic characteristics of the sandstone strata in Shaximiao Formation,four types of special-shaped PDC cutters were designed,including axe-shaped cutter,circular-arc curved-surface cutter,axe-shaped curved-surface cutter,and inclined axe-shaped cutter,and a comprehensive rock-breaking specific energy evaluation method combining PDC cutter breaking rock by cutting and pressing was established.Then,using the rock-breaking simulation model,the optimization design for structural parameters of these special-shaped PDC cutters was conducted,and the rock-breaking performance of the optimized PDC cutters was simulated and analyzed.The results showed that the axe-shaped cutter with a blade angle of 130°and the circular-arc curved-surface cutter with a arc radius of 25 mm had the lowest comprehensive rock-breaking specific energy.The final determined arc radius and blade angle of the axe-shaped curved-surface cutter was 25 mm and 130°,and the blade angle and inclination angle of the inclined axe-shaped cutter was 130°and 70°.Four types of special-shaped PDC cutters exhibited significantly lower comprehensive rock-breaking specific energy and blade temperature compared to conventional PDC cutters,with a clear positive correlation between comprehensive rock-breaking specific energy and wear height.The laboratory rock-breaking test results indicated that the axe-shaped cutter and the axe-shaped curved-surface cutter had superior rock-breaking performance.The research results provide a theoretical foundation for the customized design of PDC bits tailored for the hard sandstone strata of the Shaximiao Formation.

关 键 词：沙溪庙组硬质砂岩 异形PDC齿 破岩比功 破岩性能 

分 类 号：TE921[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]