分权模式下人民陪审员实质参审的应然期待与实践保障  

The Expected Nature and Practical Guarantee of the People’s Jurors Substantive Participation in Trials under the Decentralization Model

作　　者：王倩 易志鑫 WANG Qian;YI Zhi-xin(Jinan Intermediate People’s Court,Jinan,Shandong 250000)

机构地区：[1]济南市中级人民法院,山东济南250000

出　　处：《汕头大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2024年第10期13-21,94,共10页Journal of Shantou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：陪审制度改革期待通过“分职分权”设计来实现实质参审。而随着改革深入,陪审制度落实面临着参审度提升、裁判经验补充及发挥监督制约作用的新境遇。从J市近三年情况来看,在政策影响减弱下,陪审率下降且质量有待提升;陪审员信息知识存量与法官存在差距,指导机制不畅通、问题清单简约化、“两类审判权”割裂,参审功能期待难以实现。实际上,整体叙事型认知模式、职权行使规则及审判权的互动,足以支撑陪审员以“故事建构”来完成事实认定、融入大众理性。为此,实现实质参审的基本思路是,以整体性认知为出发点,发掘程序保障机制潜力,提升陪审员对关键事实信息的占有度,依靠法官的适度指示、问题清单等降低认知难度,保障陪审员集中有效参审。相应,可建立契合认知模式的法官指导机制、结构化图示证据、高度参与的庭前程序,并引入“律师”的对抗性辅助,完善规范化的管理指标。The reform of jury system is expected to ensure the independent substantive participation through the technical design of“separation of duties and decentralization”.With the deepening of the reform,the present jury system is faced with the new situation of improving the degree of reference,supplementing the experience of judgment and playing the role of supervision and restriction.Judging from the situation of J City in the past three years,the jury rate has declined and the quality needs to be improved under the influence of the weakened policy.There is a gap between the information and knowledge of jurors and that of judges;the guidance mechanism is not smooth;the problem list is simplified,and the“two types of trial power are separated”;so the expectation of jury function is difficult to realize.In fact,the interaction among the overall narrative cognitive mode,the rule of exercising authority and the judicial power is enough to support jurors to complete the fact identification and integrate into the public rationality with the“story construction”.Therefore,the basic idea to realize substantive participation is to take overall cognition as the starting point,explore the potential of procedural guarantee mechanism,improve jurors’possession of key factual information,rely on the judge’s appropriate instructions and list of questions to reduce the difficulty of cognition,and ensure the concentrated and effective participation of jurors.Accordingly,it is feasible to establish a cognitive guidance mechanism for judges,structured graphical evidence,as well as highly involved pre-court procedures,and introduce the adversarial assistance of“lawyers”to improve standardized management indicators.

关 键 词：参审机制 分职分权 整体叙事 法官指引 问题清单 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]