德性政治的困境:《蝇王》中的利维坦难题  

Dilemma of Virtue Politics:Leviathan Problem in Lord of the Flies

作　　者：薛瑞强 XUE Rui-qiang(School of Literature,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071)

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071

出　　处：《汕头大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2024年第10期33-42,94,95,共12页Journal of Shantou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：以往众多研究将《蝇王》的主旨归结为人性之恶导致合乎正义的文明政治的破产,本文则认为西方德性政治本身就是个假想物,利维坦并非是合乎正义并实现个体最高目的的存在,其本质是永恒的权力的游戏。《蝇王》体现了马基雅维利的“现实政治”和柏拉图式的“德性政治”之间的交锋。杰克作为马基雅维利式的君主颠覆了拉尔夫的理想国政治,表明传统德性政治的本质是意识形态虚构的浪漫幻影。小说中的利维坦实践展现了现实政治和德性政治之间的巨大鸿沟,德性意图并不绝对达至正义的结果。小说文本揭示了西方现代自由主义与国家权力之间的深刻矛盾,西方权力政治在剥离德性与神圣性后,应如何建立正当性和道德基础并将其同个体权利相统一,这不仅是戈尔丁对古典政治哲学和人类社会文明基础的反思,也是当代西方政治需要解决的难题。Many studies have argued that the theme of Lord of the Flies is that human evil leads to the failure of just and civilised politics.But this paper argues that the virtue politics itself is an illusion,that the Leviathan is not a being that is just and fulfils the highest purpose of the individual,and that the essence of the Leviathan is the eternal game of power.Lord of the Flies embodies the encounter between Machiavellian realpolitik and Platonic virtue politics.Jack,as a Machiavellian monarch,undermines Ralph’s idealistic politics,which reveals the romantic phantom of traditional virtue politics.The practice of Leviathan in the novel demonstrates the wide gap between real and virtuous politics,and that virtuous intentions do not necessarily lead to a just outcome.The text of the novel embodies the contradiction between western modern liberalism and the state,i.e.how state power stripped of virtue and sanctity can establish a moral foundation and unite it with individual rights,which is not only Golding’s reflection on classical political philosophy and the foundation of human society,but also a difficult problem for contemporary Western politics to solve.

关 键 词：蝇王 戈尔丁 德性政治 利维坦 现实政治 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]