固体废弃物高温烧结固化重金属的机理及其环境风险  

Mechanism and Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in High Temperature Sintering Solidification of Wastes

作　　者：李辰一 何跃 闫一凡 LI Chen-yi;HE Yue;YAN Yi-fan(College of the Environment,Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210024 [2]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2025年第4期437-449,共13页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFF0218304)。

摘　　要：高温烧结制备固废基陶粒不仅能在短时间内将重金属部分或全部固定在陶粒中,有效降低重金属的生物毒性,还能降低对黏土和页岩等自然资源的消耗,逐渐成为固废无害化、减量化、资源化的研究热点之一。该研究从重金属的高温固化机理、探究机理的表征技术、浸出风险及评估等方面进行总结分析,结果表明复合重金属及变价金属在玻璃相和晶相中的固化机理有待进一步研究。在重金属固化机理的表征技术方面存在常用化学方法对部分重金属的实用性较差、非化学表征与识别技术需要与其他技术联用且部分价格昂贵等问题。改善浸出风险评估与实际应用场景的匹配度,加强产品应用时的环境风险和人体健康风险评估,对固废资源化利用的闭环也至关重要。High-temperature sintering converts solid wastes into ceramic particles,offering an innovative solution for pollution control and a sustainable approach to resource conservation.This method efficiently immobilizes heavy metals,reducing their biological toxicity while minimizing the use of natural resources like clay and shale.As such,it is increasingly recognized as a crucial area for developing harmless,reductive,and resource-based solid waste management strategies.This paper reviews the solidification mechanisms of heavy metals,characterization technologies,and leaching risk assessment methods.The results reveal that further research is needed on the immobilization mechanism of composite and variable heavy metals in glass and crystal phases.Current characterization technologies face challenges,including the limited practicality of chemical methods for certain heavy metals,the need to integrate non-chemical techniques with other technologies,and high costs.Furthermore,improving the alignment between leaching risk assessment and real-world applications,and enhancing environmental and human health risk assessments during product use,are crucial for advancing the closed-loop utilization of solid waste resources.

关 键 词：固体废弃物 重金属 高温烧结 固化机理 环境风险 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]