2024年厦门市典型养老机构室内空气质量状况、微生物污染特征及其影响因素分析  

Indoor air quality status,microbial contamination characteristics,and their influencing factors in typical elderly nursing homes in Xiamen city,China,2024

作　　者：李峰 苏丽琴[1] 韩旭[1] 葛覃兮[1] 杜航 张唯祎 陈永彪 洪华荣[2] 邵冉起 罗姣 奚伟豪 王先良[1] 姚孝元[1] LI Feng;SU Li-qin;HAN Xu;GE Tan-xi;Du Hang;ZHANG Wei-yi;CHEN Yong-biao;HONG Hua-rong;SHAO Ran-qi;LUO Jiao;XI Wei-hao;WANG Xian-liang;YAO Xiao-yuan(China CDC Key laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Xiamen City Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室/中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050 [2]厦门市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2025年第4期310-316,共7页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0618402,2021YFC2600501);全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目(2016年)。

摘　　要：目的了解2024年厦门市养老机构室内空气质量状况及微生物污染特征。方法分别于2024年4月和8月某日的上午和下午两个时间段对3家不同规模养老机构室内环境质量进行检测,并对夏季养老机构室内空气细菌样本采用微生物质谱系统进行菌种鉴定。运用非参数检验比较不同季节和每日不同时间段室内空气质量的差异,Spearman秩相关分析和多重线性回归分析进行空气微生物的影响因素。结果厦门市2024年春季养老机构室内空气O3和PM_(2.5)的达标率较低,分别为41.7%和87.5%;夏季室内空气温度、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)达标率较低,分别为22.9%、33.3%和66.7%。养老机构春季室内空气湿度、O3和真菌总数高于夏季,夏季室内空气温度、CO_(2)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)高于春季(P<0.05)。春季和夏季养老机构下午时间段室内空气真菌总数高于上午时间段,夏季养老机构上午时间段细菌总数高于下午时间段(P<0.05)。养老机构室内空气细菌总数与湿度显著负相关,相关系数为-0.317;室内空气真菌总数与湿度和O3显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.231和0.659,而与温度、CO_(2)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.513、-0.203、-0.729和-0.710。夏季养老机构室内空气中共鉴定出22种131株细菌,位于前3位的优势菌种分别为奥斯陆莫拉菌(moraxella osloensis)、人葡萄球菌(staphylococcus homi-nis)和藤黄微球菌(micrococcus luteus),此外还包括4种9株人间传染的病原菌。结论厦门市2024年养老机构室内空气质量不佳,空气中存在人间传染的病原菌。室内空气微生物浓度水平与室内温度、湿度、颗粒物浓度等因素相关,可通过调节这些因素来降低室内空气微生物污染。Objective To investigate the indoor air quality status and microbial contamination characteristics in elderly nursing homes in Xiamen city,China,2024.Methods The indoor air quality of three elderly nursing homes of different scales was tested at two time periods(morning and afternoon)of a day in April and August 2024,and the indoor air bacterial samples of the elderly nurs-ing homes in summer were used for strain identification by microbiological mass spectrometry system.Non-parametric tests were used to compare the differences in indoor air quality between different seasons and different time periods of a day.Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to analyze the factors influencing airborne microorganisms.Results The quali-fied rates of indoor ozone(O3)and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in the elderly nursing homes in Xiamen city in 2024 were low in spring,with 41.7%and 87.5%,respectively;the qualified rates of indoor temperature,PM_(2.5),and inhalable particulate matter(PM_(10))were low in summer,with 22.9%,33.3%,and 66.7%,respectively.The indoor humidity,O3,and total fungal counts were higher in spring than in summer in the elderly nursing homes,and the indoor temperature,CO_(2),PM_(2.5),and PM_(10) were higher in summer than in spring(P<0.05).The total fungal counts were higher in the afternoon than in the morning in spring and summer in the elderly nursing homes,and the total bacterial counts were higher in the morning than in the afternoon in summer in the elderly nursing homes(P<0.05).The total bacterial counts in the indoor air of the elderly nursing homes were significantly negatively correlated with humidity,with a correlation coefficient of-0.317;the total fungal counts in the indoor air were significantly positively correlated with humidity and O3,with correlation coefficients of 0.231 and 0.659,respectively,while they were significantly negatively correlated with temperature,CO_(2),PM_(2.5),and PM_(10),with correlation coefficients of-0.513,-0.203,-0.72

关 键 词：养老机构 室内空气质量 微生物 菌种鉴定 

分 类 号：R126[医药卫生—环境卫生学]