显微拉曼光谱技术检测人体尿液中微塑料的方法研究  

Detection of microplastics in human urine by microscopic Raman spectroscopy

作　　者：毕嘉璇 张岚 陈永艳[1] 姚孝元[1] BI Jia-xuan;ZHANG Lan;CHEN Yong-yan;YAO Xiao-yuan(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室/中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2025年第4期345-350,356,共7页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2018ZX07502001)。

摘　　要：目的基于显微拉曼光谱技术建立人体尿液中微塑料的检测方法。方法通过比较和优化不同消化试剂、消化条件,确定最优的前处理及检测条件,建立尿液中微塑料的检测方法,并进行方法学实验评价所建方法,最后使用所建方法进行实际样本检测。结果本研究基于显微拉曼光谱技术建立了人体尿液中微塑料的检测方法,该方法采用预消化、分级过滤的前处理方式,操作简便,消化时间仅需12 h。该方法按照1.3、2.6、6个/mL的加标量设置低、中、高浓度组,各组的加标回收率分别为76.74%~98.08%、73.91%~98.31%、83.88%~95.34%,相对标准偏差分别为9.41%、11.10%、4.72%。4份实际样本中测得的微塑料含量分别为443、1772、3987、443个/L。结论本研究所建立的方法前处理操作简单,检测时间适宜,具有较高的准确度和精密度,满足方法学要求,可用于人体尿液中微塑料的检测,为后续开展人群微塑料内暴露水平的检测提供技术支持,为进一步开展微塑料的健康风险评估奠定了基础。Objective To establish a method for measuring microplastics in human urine using micro-Raman spectroscopy.Methods Various digestion reagents and digestion conditions were compared and optimized to determine the optimal pretreatment and conditions for measuring microplastics in urine.Methodological experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed method.Finally,the proposed method was applied to actual samples.Results This study established a method for measuring microplastics in human urine based on micro-Raman spectroscopy.The method employed pretreatments involving predigestion and graded filtration,which were easy to implement,with a digestion time of only 12 h.Calibration was performed using low,medium,and high concentration groups with spike levels of 1.3,2.6 and 6 particles/mL,respectively.The spike recoveries of three groups were 76.74%-98.08%,73.91%-98.31%,and 83.88%-95.34%,with relative standard deviations of 9.41%,11.10%,and 4.72%,respectively.Microplastic levels measured in the four samples were 443,1772,3987 and 443 particles/L,respectively.Conclusion This method developed in this study offers advantages such as easy pretreatment,reasonable measurement time,and high accuracy and precision,meeting the method ological requirements.Therefore,it is suitable for measuring microplastics in human urine.This study provides technical support for measuring microplastic exposure levels in populations and lays a foundation for further health risk assessment of microplastics.

关 键 词：微塑料 拉曼光谱 尿液 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]