油茶种间杂交F1代枝叶性状及花期分析  

Analysis of Foliar-Branch Traits and Flowering Phenology in F1 Progeny of Interspecific Hybridization in Camellia oleifera

作　　者：姜毅 陈洁宇 龚涵 李楠昕 郭鑫淼 袁迎春 胡观兴 龚文芳 JIANG Yi;CHEN Jie-yu;GONG Han;LI Nan-xin;GUO Xin-miao;YUAN Ying-chun;HU Guan-xing;GONG Wen-fang(College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Coconut research institute of Chinese academy of tropical agricultural sciences,Wenchang 571339,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所,海南文昌571339

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2025年第2期127-136,共10页Forest Research

基　　金：湖南省创新型省份建设专项经费(2021NK1007);湖南省科技创新计划资助(2022RC1152)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究攸县油茶与普通油茶种间杂交F1代的群体遗传变异特征,为F1代优株选育提供理论基础。[方法]对攸县油茶‘攸杂2’(YZ2)×普通油茶‘华硕’(HS)F1代407棵单株,进行叶片、新梢、主枝角度等表型性状测量以及花期观测,并对群体数据进行变异情况、杂种优势、相关性以及聚类统计等分析。[结果]群体中各项表型性状变异系数范围在10.08%~71.64%之间,变异程度最高的是顶花芽个数,最低的是SPAD值;叶面积、新梢长和顶花芽个数的变异系数都超过20%,变异较强。顶花芽个数这一性状的变异系数高达71.64%,出现广泛分离,其中亲优势和超亲优势都为负值,说明F1代群体的顶花芽个数相对亲本出现衰退现象。群体表型性状中叶宽、叶厚、叶面积、新梢长及主枝角度这5个性状呈正态分布,符合数量遗传变异规律,可能属于多基因控制的数量性状。群体各表型性状的中亲优势和超高亲优势大多为负值,只有叶形指数表现出中亲优势和超亲优势,因此子代叶片形态较亲本具有较大的杂种优势;叶长、叶宽、SPAD值则表现为超低亲优势。相关性分析表明F1代群体各性状之间相关性较为密切,但主枝角度和SPAD值与其它性状之间并无显著相关性。K均值聚类分析将F1代群体分为3类,第一类中大多数表型性状都大于另外两类,综合表现最优。F1代群体整体花期介于父母本之间,偏向于父本油茶‘华硕’,少数单株存在晚花现象。[结论]油茶F1代群体表型性状均出现了不同程度上的遗传变异,以此可为油茶F1代群体优势树种筛选及后期杂交育种提供参考。[Objective]To explore the population genetic variation characteristics of F1 generation of Camellia yuhsienensis Hu×Camellia oleifera‘Huashuo’,providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of F1 generation superior plants.[Method]Phenotypic traits including leaves,new shoots and branching angles were measured in 407 F1 individuals derived from C.oleifera‘Youza 2’(YZ2)×C.oleifera‘Huashuo’(HS).Flowering phenology was observed,and genetic variation in phenotypic traits was analyzed using mathematical statistical methods.[Results]The coefficient of variation for phenotypic traits ranged from 10.08%to 71.64%,with the highest variation observed in the number of top flower buds and the lowest in SPAD values.Leaf area,new shoot length and the number of top flower buds exhibited CVs exceeding 20%,indicating strong variation.The CV for top flower buds reached 71.64%,with both mid-parent heterosis and super-high-parent heterosis being negative,indicating a decline in this trait compared to the parents.Five traits including leaf width,leaf thickness,leaf area,new length and branching angle were normally distributed in F1 generation,while others were skewed distributions.These findings suggest that the phenotypic traits are quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes,aligning with the principles of quantitative genetic variation.Mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis for most traits were negative,except for the leaf shape index,which exhibited positive heterosis.Leaf morphology traits,including leaf length,leaf width,and SPAD value,displayed ultra-low-parent heterosis.Correlation analysis indicated strong relationships among traits in the F1 population,although branching angle and SPAD value were not significantly correlated with other traits.K-means clustering analysis divided the F1 population into three categories,with the first category exhibiting superior phenotypic traits compared to the other two categories.The overall flowering period of the F1 population was intermediate between the two parents,

关 键 词：油茶 F1代群体 表型性状 遗传变异 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]