东北地区不同种源地胡桃楸果核表型性状多样性研究  

Phenotypic Character Diversity of Juglans mandshurica Stones from Different Provenances in Northeast China

作　　者：郭惠欣 李明昊 许金石 仝伯强 鲁仪增 刘丹 胡德昌[1] GUO Hui-xin;LI Ming-hao;XU Jin-shi;TONG Bo-qiang;LU Yi-zeng;LIU Dan;HU De-chang(School of life sciences,Ludong University,Shandong Yantai,264025;Shandong forest and grass Germplasm Resources Center,Shandong Jinan,250014)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264025 [2]山东省林草种质资源中心,山东济南250014

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2025年第2期137-147,共11页Forest Research

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2021LZGC023);山东省草本植物种质资源普查项目(鲁财预指[2021]1号)。

摘　　要：[目的]开展胡桃楸果核的表型性状差异性研究,掌握其变异规律,为生物多样性保护、种质鉴定及资源利用工作提供理论基础。[方法]比较东北地区13个种源地胡桃楸果核的质量及数量性状,计算相关指数,检测多样性水平,开展方差分析、相关性分析及聚类分析,探究分化程度。[结果](1)供试材料果核质量性状D_(s)与H'指数分别为0.25~0.59和0.41~0.98,数量性状为0.72~0.84与1.41~1.95,多样性丰富;除纵径外,数量性状方差分析结果显示差异显著或极显著。(2)数量性状表型分化系数为16.44%~52.53%,均值31.53%,主要表现为居群内变异。(3)表型变异系数1.10%~27.45%,平均8.75%,种源地平均变异系数中泰安寺TAS最大(12.99%),黑河市红光林场HHS最小(1.60%)。(4)果形指数与三径均值、质量相关性不显著,其它表型性状均存在显著或极显著相关性。(5)聚类分析结果与种源地位置相关性不明显,推断各居群遗传背景相似,存在一定程度的基因交流。[结论]东北地区的胡桃楸果核多为卵圆形,基部、顶部尖端突出明显,大多数表面纹饰多且刻纹沟深;表型多样性较丰富,数量性状多样性水平明显大于质量性状;果核质量变异幅度大,其余性状较为稳定;居群内变异是该物种果核性状变异的主要来源。[Objective]To elucidate the variation rules of Juglans mandshurica and provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation,germplasm identification and resource utilization,we explored the differences in stone phenotypic traits of J.mandshurica.[Methods]The qualitative and quantitative traits of J.mandshurica stones from 13 provenances in Northeast China were compared,the correlation index was calculated,diversity levels were detected,and variance analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out to explore the degree of differentiation.[Results](1)The D_(s)and H’indices of quality traits ranged from 0.25 to 0.59 and 0.41 to 0.98,respectively.For quantitative traits,these indices ranged from 0.72 to 0.84 and 1.41 to 1.95,indicating rich diversity.Except for the longitudinal diameter,the analysis of variance showed significant or highly significant differences.(2)The phenotypic differentiation coefficients of quantitative traits ranged from 16.44%to 52.53%,with an average of 31.53%,indicating that the variation within population was the main source of the phenotypic variation for J.mandshurica.(3)The coefficients of variation ranged from 1.10%to 27.45%,with an average of 8.75%.The coefficient of variation for TAS was the largest(12.99%),and for HHS,it was the smallest(1.60%).(4)There was no significant correlation between fruit shape index and three paths’average and quality,but there was significant or extremely significant correlation between other phenotypic traits.(5)The results of the cluster analysis did not show a clear correlation with the provenance locations,suggesting that the genetic background of the populations is similar and that there has likely been some degree of gene flow between them.[Conclusion]Most of J.mandshurica stones in Northeast China are ovate,with prominent base and top tips.The surface markings are relatively deep,and the grooves on the shell are deep.Phenotypic diversity is abundant,and the diversity level of quantitative traits is significantly higher th

关 键 词：胡桃楸 果核 表型性状 变异分析 多样性指数 分化系数 

分 类 号：S792.132[农业科学—林木遗传育种]