高寒区不同密度白桦天然林枯落物层与土壤层水文效应  

Hydrological Effects of Litter Layer and Soil Layer in Birch Natural Forest with Different Densities in Alpine Region

作　　者：刘婧雯 程唱 邹星晨 刘仟仟 石正阳 李睿 彭小静[1,2,3] 贺康宁 LIU Jing-wen;CHENG Chang;ZOU Xing-chen;LIU Qian-qian;SHI Zheng-yang;LI Rui;PENG Xiao-jing;HE Kang-ning(Soil and Water Conservation College,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing 100083,China;Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [3]林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2025年第2期156-164,共9页Forest Research

基　　金：青海省应用基础研究项目(2020-ZJ-713)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究青海高寒区不同密度白桦天然次生林的枯落物层、土壤层的水文特征及水源涵养能力。[方法]选取5种密度(277、434、642、868、1024株·hm^(-2))的15块白桦天然次生林标准样地作为研究对象,建立基于熵权和TOPSIS法的模糊物元模型进行不同密度白桦天然次生林水源涵养能力综合评价。[结果](1)不同密度白桦林枯落物蓄积量介于27.20~49.06 t·hm^(-2),最大持水量介于63.42~93.12 t·hm^(-2),有效拦蓄量介于24.41~41.79 t·hm^(-2),均以868株·hm^(-2)最大;(2)0~60 cm土层的土壤密度介于0.91~1.01 g·cm-3,以868株·hm^(-2)最小;土壤总孔隙度介于45.69%~59.62%,饱和持水量介于913.76~1192.44 t·hm^(2),均以868株·hm^(-2)最大;(3)5种密度白桦林贴近度大小排序为:868株·hm^(-2)(0.705)>1024株·hm^(-2)(0.532)>277株·hm^(-2)(0.495)>434株·hm^(-2)(0.367)>642株·hm^(-2)(0.345)。[结论]在该研究白桦林密度范围内,林分密度为868株·hm^(-2)时,枯落物层与土壤层水源涵养能力最佳,利于该地区森林生态水文效益发挥。[Objective]To explore the hydrological characteristics and water conservation capacity of litter layer and soil layer in birch natural secondary forest with different densities in the alpine region of Qinghai Province.[Method]Fifteen standard plots of birch natural secondary forest with five densities(277,434,642,868,1024 plants·hm^(−2))were selected for this study.A fuzzy matter element model based on entropy weight and TOPSIS method was developed to comprehensively evaluate the water conservation capacity of birch natural secondary forest with different densities.[Result](1)The litter volume of birch forests with different densities ranged from 27.20~49.06 t·hm^(−2),the maximum water holding capacity was 63.42~93.12 t·hm^(−2),and the effective storage capacity was 24.41~41.79 t·hm^(−2),with the largest values observed at 868 plants·hm^(−2).(2)The bulk density of the 0-60 cm soil layer ranged from 0.91 to 1.01 g·cm^(−3),with lowest value recorded at 868 plants·hm^(−2).Total soil porosity ranged from 45.69%to 59.62%,and the saturated water holding capacity ranged from 913.76 to 1192.44 t·hm^(−2),both reaching their maximum at 868 plants·hm^(−2).(3)The order of proximity of the five densities of birch forests was as follows:868 plants·hm^(−2)(0.705)>1024 plants·hm^(−2)(0.532)>277 plants·hm^(−2)(0.495)>434 plants·hm^(−2)(0.367)>642 plants·hm^(−2)(0.345).[Conclusion]In the density range of birch forest in this study,a stand density of 868 plants·hm^(−2)exhibited the highest water conservation capacity in both the litter and soil layers.This density is particularly favorable for enhancing the ecological and hydrological benefits of birch forests in the alpine region of Qinghai Province.

关 键 词：TOPSIS模糊物元模型 白桦 枯落物层 土壤层 水源涵养 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]