窟檐建筑存废古今之辩  

Debate on the Preservation and Abolition of Eave Architecture

作　　者：孟祥武[1] 张琪 苏靖 

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学设计艺术学院 [2]甘肃省敦煌市敦煌研究院 [3]甘肃省文物资料信息中心

出　　处：《古建园林技术》2025年第2期64-67,共4页Traditional Chinese Architecture and Gardens

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“丝绸之路甘肃段明清古建筑大木营造研究”(51868043);甘肃省文物保护科学和技术研究课题(GSWW202449)。

摘　　要：窟檐建筑,作为石窟寺内保护石窟造像与壁画等重要文物的主要方式在历史发展过程之中长期存在,与石窟寺相伴而生。但是大多数的窟檐无法承受岁月的侵蚀而毁坏殆尽,人们也逐渐适应了没有窟檐存在的石窟寺的风貌。因此,在以保护文物“原真性”为基本准则的背景下,重提窟檐复建引发了长久的争论,其主要问题是关注于窟檐的形式容易喧宾夺主,以致造成石窟本体样貌的改变。本文通过系统梳理窟檐的形式功能、发展历程,明晰窟檐出现的根本原因与内涵,强调窟檐作为石窟寺组成的历史地位以及独特的“半建筑”建构方式之价值所在。进而提出以文物建筑本体保护为根本,因应时代需求为原则,探求窟檐建筑在现时代窟面的多元营造方式与方法,以求对于石窟寺文物整体可持续保护理念的进一步提升。As the main way to protect important cultural relics such as grotto statues and murals,eave architecture has existed for a long time in the process of historical development and has been accompanied by grotto temples.However,most eave architecture cannot withstand the erosion of the years and were destroyed.People have gradually adapted to the style of the grotto temple without eave architecture.Therefore,the restoration of eave architecture based on the basic principle of protecting the"authenticity"of cultural relics has caused a long-term controversy.The main problem is that the form of eave architecture is easy to be overwhelmed by the audience,which leads to changes in the appearance of the grottoes.This article systematically sorts out the form,function and development process of eave architecture,clarifies the root cause and connotation of eave architecture,and emphasizes the historical status of eave architecture as the composition of grotto temples and the value of the unique"semi-architectural"construction method.Furthermore,it is proposed to take the protection of the cultural relics as the foundation and the principle of responding to the needs of the times,and explore the diverse ways and methods of creating the front space of the eave architecture in the current era,in order to further the overall sustainable protection concept of the grotto temple cultural relic promote.

关 键 词：窟檐 石窟寺 半建筑 价值提升 

分 类 号：TU-87[艺术—艺术设计]