血管周围脂肪组织参与动脉粥样硬化发病机制的研究进展  

Research progress in the role of perivascular adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

作　　者：赵涵 强红丽 陈倍望 贾辛未[1] ZHAO Han;QIANG Hongli;CHEN Beiwang;JIA Xinwei(Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University,Baoding 071000;School of Clinical Medicine,Hebei University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学附属医院心血管内科,保定071000 [2]河北大学临床医学院,保定071000

出　　处：《临床与病理杂志》2025年第1期65-73,共9页Journal of Clinical and Pathological Research

基　　金：河北省医学适用技术跟踪项目(GZ2023051);研究生创新能力培养资助项目(HBU2025BS007)。

摘　　要：血管周围脂肪组织(perivascular adipose tissue,PVAT)环绕在除脑血管和毛细血管以及肺泡内的微血管以外的大部分血管系统,已经成为血管壁中的1个重要活性组成部分。PVAT具有复杂的组织结构,包含多种细胞类型,如成熟的脂肪细胞、间充质干细胞、成纤维细胞以及血管平滑肌细胞等,同时还有丰富的细胞外基质。这些结构不仅为血管提供必要的机械支持,而且通过分泌多种生物活性分子(如脂肪因子、细胞因子和外泌体等)对血管的功能和结构形态产生显著的影响。PVAT是白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织的混合体,且具有区域差异。在健康生理条件下,PVAT分泌的保护性脂肪因子对抵御动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)具有积极作用。但当机体处于肥胖或代谢紊乱等病理状态时,PVAT的作用可能会逆转,成为促炎性细胞因子的来源,从而促进AS的发展。鉴于PVAT在AS的进展中扮演核心调节角色,在未来它可能成为预防和治疗AS的靶点。Perivascular adipose tissue(PVAT)surrounds most blood vessels in the body,excluding the brain vasculature,capillaries,and micro-vessels in the alveoli,and has become an important active component of the vascular wall.PVAT has a complex tissue structure,containing various cell types such as mature adipocytes,mesenchymal stem cells,fibroblasts,and vascular smooth muscle cells,along with abundant extracellular matrix.These structures not only provide necessary mechanical support for blood vessels but also significantly impact vascular function and morphology by secreting various bioactive molecules,including adipokines,cytokines,and exosomes.PVAT is a hybrid of white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue with regional differences.Under normal physiological conditions,the protective adipokines secreted by PVAT play a positive role in resisting atherosclerosis(AS).However,under pathological conditions such as obesity or metabolic disorders,the role of PVAT may reverse and become a source of pro-inflammatory factors,thereby promoting the development of AS.Given the core regulatory role of PVAT in the progression of AS,it may become a target for the prevention and treatment of AS in the future.

关 键 词：血管周围脂肪组织 动脉粥样硬化 细胞因子 脂肪因子 外泌体 

分 类 号：R543.5[医药卫生—心血管疾病]