肺神经内分泌细胞与支气管哮喘  

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and bronchial asthma

作　　者：王东琳 曲妮妮[2] WANG Donglin;QÜNini(First Clinical College,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110847;First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁中医药大学第一临床学院,沈阳110847 [2]辽宁中医药大学附属医院呼吸与危重医学一科,沈阳110000

出　　处：《临床与病理杂志》2025年第1期74-84,共11页Journal of Clinical and Pathological Research

基　　金：高等学校基本科研项目{辽教办[2021]454号}。

摘　　要：支气管哮喘是由气道慢性炎症反应引起的一种肺系疾病。肺神经内分泌细胞(pulmonary neuroendocrine cell,PNEC)是位于气道上皮的一种具有神经和内分泌功能的罕见细胞。PNEC受神经支配且表面存在对外界环境敏感的膜受体。当PNEC受到过敏原刺激时,会分泌多种生物活性胺和神经肽类物质,其中降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)和γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)与支气管哮喘发病密切相关,分别在哮喘气道炎症反应和黏液高分泌中发挥作用。靶向调控PNEC活性及其信号通路,通过介导PNEC与气道微环境中多种效应细胞及生物活性物质的交互作用,可在哮喘病理进程调控及靶向治疗策略开发中发挥关键作用。中医学认为哮喘基本病机是内外伏邪导致肺气上逆和肺失宣肃,治疗上多采用内外治法联合应用以达到止咳平喘的目的。中医治疗哮喘历史悠久、效果显著,能够弥补西医治疗的局限,使哮喘防治更为全面。本文就PNEC在支气管哮喘发病机制方面的研究及中西医治疗进展进行综述,为支气管哮喘的防治提供新的思路。Bronchial asthma is a pulmonary disease caused by chronic airway inflammation.Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells(PNECs)are rare epithelial cells with both neural and endocrine functions.This article explores the structure and function of PNECs,focusing on the neuropeptides and pathway mediators they secrete and their roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.PNECs are innervated and possess membrane receptors sensitive to environmental stimuli.Upon exposure to allergens,PNECs release various bioactive amines and neuropeptides,among which calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)and gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)are closely associated with asthma onset,participating in airway inflammatory responses and mucus hypersecretion,respectively.Targeted regulation of PNEC activity and related signaling pathways,by mediating the interactions between PNECs and various effector cells and bioactive substances in the airway microenvironment,may play a crucial role in modulating asthma pathogenesis and developing targeted therapeutic strategies.In traditional Chinese medicine,asthma is believed to result from the internal and external pathogenic factors causing a reversal of lung qi and impaired dispersing and descending functions.Traditional Chinese medicine treatment often combines internal and external therapies to relieve cough and asthma symptoms.With a long history and proven effectiveness,traditional Chinese medicine complements the limitations of Western medicine,providing a more comprehensive approach to asthma management.This review summarizes the role of PNECs in asthma and the advances in both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatments,offering new insights into asthma prevention and therapy.

关 键 词：肺神经内分泌细胞 降钙素基因相关肽 2型固有淋巴细胞 Γ-氨基丁酸 黏蛋白5AC 支气管哮喘 

分 类 号：R256.12[医药卫生—中医内科学]