减氮配施炭基肥对黄瓜镉积累及品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Carbon-Based Fertilizer on Cadmium Accumulation and Quality of Cucumber

作　　者：罗娅[1] 刘丽媛 徐嘉宁 贾永霞 罗弦 LUO Ya;LIU Liyuan;XU Jianing;JIA Yongxia;LUO Xian(College of Horticulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2025年第2期324-331,共8页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：成都市重点研发支撑计划(2021-YF05-00959-SN)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究减氮配施炭基肥对Cd污染设施土壤中黄瓜Cd积累及品质的影响,以期为设施蔬菜的安全生产提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置CK(不施肥)、CF(常规施肥)、OF(减氮20%施肥)、OBF(减氮20%+炭基肥)4个处理,研究减氮配施炭基肥对黄瓜生长及营养品质、Cd积累、土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响。【结果】CF和OF处理并未影响黄瓜的品质及各部位Cd含量、土壤Cd有效态及有机质含量,但是显著提高了土壤速效养分含量及酶活性。OBF处理促进了黄瓜的生长及营养品质的提升,同时显著降低了黄瓜不同部位Cd含量及土壤中利用二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)和醋酸缓冲溶液(TCLP)提取的有效态Cd含量,其中根、茎叶和果实Cd含量较CK、CF、OF分别降低了34.92%、38.35%、29.91%,44.23%、50.00%、44.23%和50.00%、52.63%、47.06%,土壤DTPA和TCLP提取态Cd含量分别降低了39.39%、42.86%、41.18%和33.33%、35.71%、37.93%。此外,OBF处理显著提高了土壤pH、有机质、速效养分含量及土壤酶活性。【结论】减氮20%配施炭基肥一方面可通过降低土壤有效态Cd含量,抑制黄瓜对Cd的吸收积累,进而提升黄瓜的营养品质;另一方面可以增加土壤速效养分含量,提高土壤养分循环酶活性,从而改善了黄瓜的根际生长环境以提升黄瓜品质。【Objective】This study is to investigate the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with carbon-based fertilizer on cadmium(Cd)accumulation and quality of cucumber in Cd-contaminated greenhouse soil,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the safe production of vegetables in greenhouses.【Method】A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of four treatments on cucumber growth,nutrient quality,Cd accumulation,soil physicochemical properties,and enzyme activity.The treatments included CK(no fertilization),CF(conventional fertilization),OF(nitrogen reduction by 20%)and OBF(nitrogen reduction by 20%+carbon-based fertilizer).【Result】The CF and OF treatment did not significantly affect the quality or Cd content of cucumber,the available Cd or organic matter content in soil,but significantly increased soil available nutrient content and enzyme activity.In contrast,the OBF treatment promoted cucumber growth and nutritional quality,while significantly reducing the Cd in various parts of cucumbers and the Cd content extracted from soil by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(DTPA)and acetic acid buffer solution(TCLP).Compared with CK,CF and OF treatments,the Cd content in cucumber roots,shoots and fruits decreased by 34.92%,38.35%,29.91%,44.23%,50.00%,44.23%,50.00%,52.63%,and 47.06%,respectively.The DTPA-extractable Cd and TCLP-extractable Cd in soil decreased by 39.39%,42.86%,41.18%,and 33.33%,35.71%,37.93%,respectively.Additionally,the OBF treatment significantly increased soil pH,organic matter,available nutrients and enzyme activity.【Conclusion】Reducing nitrogen by 20%combined with carbon-based fertilizer can effectively decrease the available Cd content in soil,inhibit Cd absorption and accumulation in cucumber,and improve the nutritional quality of cucumber.Moreover,this treatment enhances soil available nutrient content and nutrient cycling enzyme activity,thereby improving the rhizosphere growth environment of cucumber and enhancing cucumber quality.

关 键 词：减氮 炭基肥 黄瓜 镉积累 品质 

分 类 号：S642.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S6062[农业科学—园艺学]