不同土壤调理剂对白菜连作土壤耕层调控的影响研究  

Effects of Different Soil Conditioners on the Regulation of the Plough Layer in Continuous Cropping Soil for Chinese Cabbage

作　　者：杨济达 伏成秀[1] 张庆[1] 朱红业[1] YANG Jida;FU Chengxiu;ZHANG Qing;ZHU Hongye(Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650000,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650000

出　　处：《中国热带农业》2025年第2期48-55,共8页China Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划“云南省祥云县蔬菜产业科技特派团”(202204BI090024);云南省基础研究专项(青年项目)“水旱交替对土壤耕层环境生态调控的尺度效应研究”(202201AU070078)。

摘　　要：长期农业集约化生产带来土壤紧实化、耕层薄层化等连作障碍问题逐渐凸显,尤其设施蔬菜复种指数高,随连作年限的增加耕作层土壤结构性退化严重,造成耕作层变浅,土壤保水保肥能力下降,成为制约作物健康生长的关键问题。通过大田小区定位试验,以云南滇西北翻耕6年后白菜连作土壤为研究材料,进行不同土壤调理剂处理对比,采用因子分析法对土壤耕层属性和作物农艺性状进行差异性比较分析。结果表明:翻耕6年后连作土壤pH值为7.8,趋于弱碱性,已经出现次生盐渍化现象;土壤贯穿阻力在深度>20cm显著增加,耕层趋于薄化;土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量下降,有效磷与速效钾含量升高。施用土壤调理剂可降低pH值、贯穿阻力,提升有机质含量、调节氮磷钾元素平衡,从而提升白菜产量,但不同调理剂调控效果差异明显。研究发现针对白菜连作土壤应用1号土壤调理剂可以改善土壤质地,调节土壤耕性与肥力平衡,提高作物产量,具有广阔的应用前景,配合合理深度耕深松措施能够较好地降低土壤连作障碍。研究结果为土壤调理剂对白菜连作土壤的改良效果以及对作物的增产效果提供了数据支持,以期为土壤调理剂进一步的研究和应用提供依据和参考。The long-term intensive agricultural production has gradually underlined the problems of continuous cropping obstacles such as soil compaction and thinning of the tillage layer,especially the high index of multiple cropping of facility vegetables.With the increase in continuous cropping years,the tillage layer soil undergoes significant structural degradation,leading to a shallower tillage layer and reduced capacity for water and nutrient retention.This negatively impacts crop growth and yield,becoming a key problem restricting the healthy growth of crops.This study used a field plot positioning experiment to compare the differences in soil tillage layer properties and crop agronomic traits of Chinese cabbage continuous cropping soil in northwest Yunnan after 6 years of plowing.Based on different soil conditioner treatments,factor analysis was applied to compare the differences.The results showed that after 6 years of plowing,the pH value of the continuous cropping soil was 7.8,indicating a weakly alkaline condition,and secondary salinization had occurred.Soil penetration resistance significantly increased at depths greater than 20 cm,and the plow layer tended to become thinner.The content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen decreased,while the content of available phosphorus and available potassium increased.Soil conditioners can lower pH value and penetration resistance,increase organic matter content,regulate the balance of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and improve Chinese cabbage yield.However,significant differences existed in the regulatory effects of different conditioners.Applying soil conditioner No.1 to soil of continuous Chinese cabbage cultivation could improve soil texture,regulate the balance of soil tillage and fertility,and increase crop yield,showing broad application prospects.It is recommended to combine its use with reasonable deep tillage and deep loosening measures to effectively mitigate soil continuous cropping obstacles.This study provides data support

关 键 词：土壤调理剂 连作障碍 耕层调控 影响 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]