陕北风沙区煤矸石山重构土壤机械组成变化及其指示意义  

Effects of reconstruction of coal gangue hills on soil mechanical composition and its indicative significance in the sandy area of Northern Shaanxi Province

作　　者：朱颖 吴普侠 李群 辛云玲 董强 张麦芳 刘红彩 尹华飞 赵国平 ZHU Ying;WU Puxia;LI Qun;XIN Yunling;DONG Qiang;ZHANG Maifang;LIU Hongcai;YIN Huafei;ZHAO Guoping(Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grass Bureau of Loess Plateau,Shaanxi Academy of Forestry,Xi’an 710016,China;Yuyang Forestry and Seedling Workstation,Yulin 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省林业科学院黄土高原水土保持与生态修复国家林草局重点实验室,陕西西安710016 [2]榆阳区林业和种苗工作站,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2025年第2期109-116,共8页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：2022年陕西省科协青年人才托举计划项目“榆林沙区煤矸石山重构土壤重金属含量及迁移规律研究”(NYHB202230);国家自然科学基金“陕北矿区采煤塌陷对风蚀的影响研究”(41661062)。

摘　　要：探究人工覆土处理后典型位置对土壤机械组成的影响,以期对煤矸石山不同位置植被绿化工作和生态重建提供理论和实践依据。采用激光粒度仪测量,对其迎风坡面、顶部平台和背风坡面的土壤粒度参数、分形维数和粒度频率曲线变化进行了详细的研究。结果表明:煤矸石山重构土壤机械组成以砂粒和粉粒为主,粘粒含量较低。与原状土相比,土壤砂粒含量均降低,粘粒和粉粒含量均上升,其中顶部平台土壤机械组成变化尤为明显。不同位置土壤分选均极好,偏度状况均为极正偏,峰度状况均为窄尖。土壤颗粒分形维数同粘粒、粉粒含量呈正相关关系,而同砂粒含量呈负相关关系,其中迎风坡面最低,为2.6777。迎风坡面和背风坡面较顶部平台的土壤颗粒异质程度小。不同位置重构土壤颗粒累积频率曲线在0.1 mm处大幅变陡,粒级在0.1~0.25 mm之间,粒度频率曲线斜率最大。人工覆土处理有利于煤矸石山土壤颗粒细化,可改善土壤质地。迎风坡面可能是由于风蚀影响恢复效果最差,建议加强迎风坡面植被绿化工作。In order to provide theoretical and practical basis for vegetation greening and ecological reconstruction in different positions of coal gangue hill,the influence of typical positions on soil mechanical composition after artificial soil covering treatment was explored.The changes of soil particle size parameters,fractal dimension and grain size frequency curve on the windward slope,top platform and leeward slope were studied in detail by laser particle size analyzer.The results showed that the mechanical composition of the reconstructed soil of coal gangue hill was mainly sand and silt,and the clay content was low.Compared with undisturbed soil,sand content decreased,clay and silt content increased,and the mechanical composition of the top platform soil changed obviously.Soil sorting at different positions was excellent,skewness was extremely positive,kurtosis was narrow cusp.The fractal dimension of soil particles was positively correlated with clay and silt content,and negatively correlated with sand content.The lowest fractal dimension was 2.6777 on the windward slope.The heterogeneity of soil particles on the windward and leeward slopes was less than that on the top platform.The cumulative percentage curve of reconstructed soil particles in different positions became steep at 0.1 mm,the particle size was in the range of 0.1-0.25 mm,and the slope of particle size frequency curve was the largest.Artificial soil covering treatment is beneficial to the refinement of soil particles in coal gangue hill and can improve the soil texture.The windward slope may have the worst restoration effect due to wind erosion,so it is suggested to strengthen the greening worl on the windward slope.

关 键 词：煤矸石山 典型位置 土壤机械组成 分形维数 粒度参数 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]