我国反贫困政策的演进历程、现实挑战与优化路径  

The evolution,practical challenges,and optimization path of China's anti-poverty policies

作　　者：邢占军[1,3] 林杰[2,3] Xing Zhanjun;Lin Jie

机构地区：[1]山东大学智慧国家治理实验室,山东青岛266237 [2]山东大学生活质量与公共政策研究中心,山东青岛266237 [3]山东大学政治学与公共管理学院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2025年第3期5-12,191,共9页DongYue Tribune

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全面建成小康社会伟大历史性成就与经验研究”(项目编号:21JZD014)阶段性成果;山东大学政管学院和生活质量与公共政策研究中心科研基金立项资助。

摘　　要：全面建成小康社会实现了中国式现代化建设的阶段性目标,通过打赢脱贫攻坚战消除绝对贫困,中国的反贫困事业取得了举世瞩目的成就。从反贫困政策演进来看,新中国成立后贫困治理大致历经了救济式扶贫、市场助推体制改革扶贫、加强兜底的综合式扶贫、整村推进扶贫和精准扶贫等阶段。当前,反贫困政策的推进仍然面临着政策设计与执行衔接不畅、低收入群体规模较大、内生发展动力不足等困境。为此,要科学统筹落实衔接期内各项制度政策,提高政策衔接效率以形成合力;建立和完善帮扶工作长效保障机制,稳固脱贫基础、防范返贫风险;坚持“制”与“治”的有效结合,激发低收入群体的主体自觉和内生动力。Building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way has achieved the phased goal of Chinese path to modernization.By winning the battle against poverty and eliminating absolute poverty,China's anti-poverty cause has made remarkable achievements.From the perspective of the evolution of anti-poverty policies,poverty governance after the founding of the People's Republic of China has roughly gone through stages such as relief based poverty alleviation,market driven system reform poverty alleviation,comprehensive poverty alleviation with strengthened support,whole village poverty alleviation,and targeted poverty alleviation.Currently,the promotion of anti-poverty policies still faces challenges such as poor coordination between policy design and implementation,a large scale of low-income groups,and insufficient endogenous development momentum.To address these issues,it is necessary to 1) scientifically coordinate and implement various institutional policies during the transition period,improve the efficiency of policy transition,and form a joint force;2) establish and improve a long-term guarantee mechanism for assistance work,consolidate the foundation of poverty alleviation,and prevent the risk of returning to poverty;3) adhere to the effective combination of "system" and "governance",and stimulate the subject consciousness and endogenous motivation of low-income groups.

关 键 词：弱有所扶 政策分析 贫困治理 制度逻辑 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] C913.3[社会学]