中欧班列促进企业贸易方式转型了吗?  

Has the China-Europe Railway Express Facilitated Firms' Trade Transformation?

作　　者：孟宪钰 魏娟 MENG Xianyu;WEI Juan(School of Business,Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010070,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古财经大学商务学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《对外经贸实务》2025年第2期5-16,共12页Practice in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

基　　金：内蒙古自治区社会科学基金项目“加快中欧‘班列’经济研究”(2023AK17);内蒙古自治区“五大任务”研究专项课题(NCXWD2479)。

摘　　要：中欧班列作为连接国内与国际市场的重要通道,通过促进要素与商品流动,加速企业出口贸易方式转型升级,推动中国外贸高质量发展。本文使用渐进式DID模型,以开通中欧班列为准自然实验,识别检验了中欧班列对企业贸易方式转型的影响和作用机理。研究发现:中欧班列推动了我国生产型出口企业贸易方式转型升级,该结果经一系列稳健性检验和内生性检验后依然成立。机制检验发现,降低企业贸易成本和提升企业自主创新能力,是中欧班列推动我国出口型企业贸易方式转型升级的重要路径。进一步,中欧班列具有显著的空间溢出效应,对周边400千米范围内企业贸易方式转型负向抑制尤为显著,对向中亚市场出口、高技术行业、东部城市企业、规模较小企业促进效应更更强。研究结论对深化“一带一路”建设、继续优化中欧班列运行条件、推动外贸结构高质量转型、构建外循环新发展格局有一定启示和参考意义。The China-Europe Railway Express(CERE),a vital bridge between domestic and international markets,accelerates export trade mode transformation for enterprises by facilitating goods and resources flows,and promoting the high-quality development of China's foreign trade.This article employs a progressive DID model,treating the launch of the CERE as a quasi-natural experiment,to analyze its impact and mechanism on enterprise trade mode transformation.Research shows it promotes transformation for production-oriented export enterprises.This conclusion remains robust after a series of sensitivity and endogeneity tests.Mechanism analysis shows that reducing firms' trade costs and enhancing their independent innovation capabilities are key pathways through which the CERE drives trade transformation.Furthermore,the CERE exhibits significant spatial spillover effects,with a notably negative impact on trade transformation within a 400-kilometer radius.However,the CERE strongly promotes trade transformation for firms exporting to Central Asian markets,operating in high-tech industries,located in eastern cities,or of smaller scale.These findings provide valuable insights for deepening the Belt and Road Initiative,optimizing CERE operational conditions,advancing the high-quality transformation of foreign trade structures,and fostering a new development paradigm for external circulation.

关 键 词：中欧班列 贸易方式转型 贸易成本 自主创新 渐进式DID 

分 类 号：F74[经济管理—国际贸易]