2005—2023年唐古拉山小冬克玛底冰川物质平衡变化特征分析  

Analysis of the characteristics of Xiao Dongkemadi Glacier mass balance changes in Tanggula Mountains from 2005 to 2023

作　　者：卫乐乐 何晓波 薛雨昂 汪少勇 郭浩楠 丁永建 姚檀栋 WEI Lele;HE Xiaobo;XUE Yu’ang;WANG Shaoyong;GUO Haonan;DING Yongjian;YAO Tandong(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Tanggula Mountain Cryosphere and Environment Observation and Research Station of Tibet Autonomous Region,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室唐古拉山冰冻圈与环境西藏自治区野外科学观测研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [4]浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院,浙江金华321000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2025年第2期317-329,共13页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

摘　　要：冰川物质平衡是冰川对气候变化响应的重要指标之一。小冬克玛底冰川是青藏高原腹地开展冰川物质平衡观测最早的一条冰川,本文基于小冬克玛底冰川2005—2023年的花杆、雪坑及气象资料,计算并分析了小冬克玛底冰川物质平衡特征。结果表明:2005—2023年间,小冬克玛底冰川整体上呈加速消融趋势,累积物质平衡量为(-6286±154)mm w.e.,在冰川面积不变的情况下,相当于冰川减薄(6.98±0.17)m。小冬克玛底冰川物质平衡多年变化虽有波动,但持续增强的负平衡趋势证明该冰川仍然长时间处于严重的物质亏损状态,整体消融趋势未改。2005—2023年间观测点的物质平衡量与高程之间均呈正相关关系,物质平衡梯度年际波动呈微弱增大的趋势,物质平衡梯度平均值为(0.63±0.07)m w.e.·(100m)-1。2005—2023年间小冬克玛底冰川物质平衡线高度(equilibrium line altitude,ELA)变化较大,总体呈微弱的上升趋势,多年平均ELA为(5740±20)m,2023年ELA达到5660 m。积累区面积比率(accumulation area ration,AAR)整体呈显著的下降趋势(51.64%→50.70%),实际AAR值均低于理论稳定态下小冬克玛底冰川的AAR0平衡值(52%),也印证了冰川的持续萎缩。分析表明,气温升高作为冰川消融与退缩的主导因素直接驱动物质损失,降水过程通过调节固液态输入比例影响物质通量,而冰面反照率则通过改变短波辐射吸收效率调控能量平衡,上述因子的协同作用共同塑造了冰川变化的时空异质性特征。Glacier change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important part of the study of regional water cycle and climate response,and has important significance for the stability of Asian Water Tower.Glacier mass bal⁃ance is one of the important indicators of glacier response to climate change.Xiao Dongkemadi Glacier is the first glacier in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to carry out glacier mass balance observation,and un⁃derstanding its mass balance change mechanism is of great significance to study the interaction between glaciers and climate in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Using the stakes,snow pits1 and meteorological data of Xiao Dongke⁃madi Glacier from 2005 to 2023,based on the data quality control program of time series inspection,statistical method detection and outlier correction,this paper eliminated significant outliers from the original data and im⁃proved the data reliability,and calculated and analyzed the mass balance characteristics of Xiao Dongkmadi Gla⁃cier.By analyzing the mass balance and meteorological factors on the 100-meter scale,the characteristics of the temporal and spatial evolution of the glacier mass balance and its driving mechanism are systematically revealed.The results show that in the past 20 years,the glacier presents a receding pattern of“accelerated melting at low altitude and weak compensation at high altitude”, with a cumulative mass balance of (-6 286±154) mm w. e.and a cumulative thickness thinning of (6. 98±0. 17) m. Although the mass balance of Xiao Dongkemadi Gla⁃cier fluctuates over the years, the continuously enhanced negative balance trend proves that the glacier is still in aserious mass deficit state for a long time, and the overall melting trend has not changed. During 2005 to 2023,the mass balance of the observation points was positively correlated with the elevation, and the mass balance gra⁃dient showed a slight increase in the annual fluctuation. The mass balance of glaciers showed significant altitudedifferentiation, with the mean mas

关 键 词：小冬克玛底冰川 冰川物质平衡 平衡线高度 气候条件 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]