大兴安岭北部多年冻土区主要交通基础工程冻融灾害考察研究进展(Ⅰ):融沉灾害  

Progress in studies on frost hazards along transport infrastructures in permafrost regions of northern Da Xing’anling Mountains in Northeast China(Ⅰ):thaw hazards

作　　者：王文辉 车富强 金会军 李善珍 唐建军[1] 李向龙 翟金榜 张泽[1,2] 黄帅 薛广垠 陈思宇 王永平 肖子旺 金晓颖[4] 杨雪 周刚义[3] 陈敦 李国玉 李安原 WANG Wenhui;CHE Fuqiang;JIN Huijun;LI Shanzhen;TANG Jianjun;LI Xianglong;ZHAI Jinbang;ZHANG Ze;HUANG Shuai;XUE Guangyin;CHEN Siyu;WANG Yongping;XIAO Ziwang;JIN Xiaoying;YANG Xue;ZHOU Gangyi;CHEN Dun;LI Guoyu;LI Anyuan(School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,Permafrost Institute,and China-Russia Joint Laboratory of Cold Regions Engineering and Environment,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Joint Field Observation and Research Station of Permafrost and Cold Regions Environment in the Da Xing’anling Mountains at Mohe,Northeast China(Ministry of Natural Resources),Natural Resources Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150036,China;Forest Resources Monitoring Center of Key State-owned Forests Regions,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Ministry of Natural Resources,Jagdaqi 165100,Heilongjiang,China;School of Ecology,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;School of Civil Engineering,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750001,China;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 314400,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学土木与交通学院冻土研究所和寒区工程与环境中俄联合实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省自然资源调查院大兴安岭漠河冻土与寒区环境自然资源部野外科学观测研究站,黑龙江哈尔滨150036 [3]国家林业和草原局重点国有林区森林资源监测中心,黑龙江省加格达奇165100 [4]东北林业大学生态学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [5]北方民族大学土木工程学院,宁夏银川750000 [6]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [7]绍兴文理学院土木工程学院与浙江省岩石力学与地质灾害重点实验室,浙江绍兴314400

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2025年第2期354-371,共18页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：科技部基础资源调查专项第三课题“东北多年冻土区工程冻害调查及分布制图”(2022FY100703);国家自然科学基金项目(42271130;42301138);东北林业大学成栋领军人才科研启动项目(LJ2020-01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572021DT08);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2021A1222);黑龙江省地质矿产局科研项目(HKY202404);黑龙江省博士后面上项目(LBH-Z23046)资助。

摘　　要：作为东北多年冻土典型区,在气候变化和人类活动的共同影响下,大兴安岭山区多年冻土广泛快速退化,并导致了冻融灾害的频发。为系统地掌握该区工程融沉灾害分布及冻土退化情况,我们采用电阻率层析成像(electrical resistivity tomography,ERT)、浅层测温(0~2 m)和无人机航测等方法于2023年8—9月开展了大兴安岭多年冻土区融沉灾害调查。结果表明,沥青路面下融沉长度和融沉量最大且以路基融沉(包含路基倾斜和波浪路面)为主;混凝土路面以长大深纵裂为主,而林区铁路和中俄原油管道(China-Russia Crude Oil Pipelines,CRCOPs)以管基和施工运营作业带(right-of-way,或ROW)融沉和热喀斯特为主。融沉灾害地理分异特征明显:融沉灾害多发现于地势平坦且冻土保存条件较好的位置,融沉灾害的年平均地温与坡度呈正相关关系,且破坏长度与坡度呈负相关关系。阳坡的融沉灾害平均破坏长度大于阴坡破坏长度。低纬度的融沉灾害平均破坏长度大于高纬度破坏长度。年平均地温较低的草甸土和森林土的融沉灾害平均破坏长度大于年平均地温较高的暗棕壤融沉灾害的破坏长度。融沉灾害对交通工程设施地基基础的安全运营造成了威胁:CRCOPs I和II线(漠河-大庆段)对多年冻土的热影响范围在水平方向大于伴行公路(如G111部分路段)的相应范围,垂直(深度)方向两者热影响范围相似。初步分析表明,交通基础设施施工运行以及局部微地形地貌(如阴阳坡和坡脚积水积雪)分异是融沉灾害的重要诱发因素。野外实践表明,探针式数字温度仪是开展浅层地温测量的实用工具,具有测量快速、操作便捷、经济高效等显著优势。但是,本次调查研究存在着覆盖范围、冻融灾害类型不够全面和相关监测内容不够细致全面、时间序列较短等问题。研究成果可为东北冻融灾害的监测和治理提供基础数据,�As a representative permafrost region in Northeast China,the Da Xing’anling Mountains have under⁃gone extensive and rapid degradation of permafrost under the joint influences of climate change and human activi⁃ties.Permafrost degradation has led to more frequent frost and thaw hazards.In order to systematically feature the distributive patterns,mechanisms,processes and trends of frost hazards and permafrost degradation in the northern Da Xing’anling Mountains,the Northeast Forestry University and Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Natural Resources Survey,and others,jointly formed a survey and research team for frost and thaw hazards in the Da Xing’anling Mountains.The team conducted two surveys of frost and thaw hazards in permafrost regions in the northern Da Xing’anling Mountains from August to September 2023 along key infrastructures lines in the Da Xing’anling Mountains in the northern part of Northeast China(mainly including national highways G301,G10 and G111,G331,G332 and border patrol roads,forest railways(Yalin and Nenlin),and CRCOPs and their access roads.They employed various technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)for capturing basic location,vegetation,and terrain data;electrical resistivity tomography(ERT)to measure soil resistivity up to 20 m deep for assessing permafrost and talik,and;ground temperature measurements with the LCD-105 digital thermometer(range:-50 to 200℃)down to 2 m depth.High-precision terrain scanning was also per⁃formed using the Beidou Haida TS5 RTK receiver.Results show that asphalt pavement has the largest thaw set⁃tlement lengths and depths,and asphalt pavement is mainly characterized by subgrade thaw settlement(includ⁃ing subgrade tilt and rolling pavement surfaces),while concrete pavement is mainly characterized by long-dis⁃tance longitudinal cracks,and railways and China-Russia Crude oil pipelines(CRCOPs)are mainly character⁃ized by subgrade thaw settlement.The average damage range of different pavements is ranked as follows:exper�

关 键 词：大兴安岭 冻土退化 冻融灾害 电阻率层析成像(ERT) 无人机(UAV) 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]