“三权分置”下宅基地增值收益分配的利益视角审视  

Examination of the interests of the distribution of homestead value-added income under the“Separation of Three Rights”

作　　者：胡建[1] 倪微 HU Jian;NI Wei(College of Law and Humanities,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 311103,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学法学与人文学院,浙江杭州311103

出　　处：《土地经济研究》2024年第2期110-125,共16页Journal of Land Economics

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划年度常规项目“‘三权分置’视阈下宅基地使用权抵押问题研究”(编号:23NDJC139YB);浙江省高校重大人文社科攻关计划资助项目“共同富裕目标下农村宅基地的权利运行机制研究”(编号:2023QN091);浙江理工大学科研启动经费资助项目“宅基地使用权立法问题研究”(编号:22102132-Y)。

摘　　要：随着宅基地“三权分置”改革深入推进,如何确保宅基地增值收益得以公平合理分配成为新议题。本研究在明晰宅基地增值收益的法律性质与分配主体的基础上,通过引入利益视角探究宅基地增值收益分配的基本路径。研究发现:“三权分置”下宅基地流转及经营性利用的增值收益,实质为宅基地“三权”体系及土地发展权引入市场机制并实现资源配置过程中的产物;农户和集体基于产权人身份加之政府的增值贡献,应共享宅基地增值收益;宅基地增值收益的基本路径以利益分配关系为擎架,农户和集体基于产权关系参与初次分配,政府基于公平与效率原则参与二次分配。但该路径在实践中易遭受内外部环境不相适配的掣肘,故而还需设计利益平衡制度,在利益实现端建立利益分配与管理的自治规则,在利益保障端完善宅基地权利体系,在利益调节端采取税收制度予以规范。With the deepening of the reform of the“separation of three rights”of homesteads,how to ensure the fair and reasonable distribution of homestead value added income has become a new issue.Based on the clarification of the legal nature and distribution object of the value added in come of homesteads,this study explores the basic path of the value-added income distribution of homesteads by intro-ducing the perspective of interests.It is found that the value-added income of homestead circulation and operational use under the“separation of three rights”is essentially the product of the“three rights”system of homestead and the introduction of land development right into the market mechanism to realize the allocation of resources.Farmers and collectives should share the value added income ol homestead land based on the identity of property owners and the value added contribution of the government.The basic path of homestead value-added income is based on the benefit distribution relationship,with farmers and collectives participating in the primary distribution based on the property rights relationship,and the government partici-pating in the secondary distribution based on the principles of fairness and efficiency.However,in practice,the basic path is prone to the constraints of the incompatibility of the internal and external environment,so it is necessary to design a balance of interests system,establish and improve the autonomy rules for the distribution and management of interests on the benefit realization side,improve the home-stead rights system on the benefit protection side,and adopt the tax system to standardise the interest adjustment side.

关 键 词：宅基地增值收益 分配主体 利益平衡 宅基地权利体系 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]