微生物在盐碱地改良中的作用研究进展  

Research Progress on the Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Saline-alkali Land

作　　者：孙瑞波 章凤玲 宗静雯 罗聪 李凯旋 王滢 陈林[2] SUN Ruibo;ZHANG Fengling;ZONG Jingwen;LUO Cong;LI Kaixuan;WANG Ying;CHEN Lin(College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Nutrient Utilization/Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hefei 230036,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与养分资源高效利用安徽省重点实验室/自然资源部江淮耕地资源保护与生态修复重点实验室,安徽合肥230036 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京211135

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2025年第2期14-30,共17页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41807057);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA24020104-2)。

摘　　要：盐碱地是重要的后备土地资源,我国盐碱地面积大、分布广,通过土壤改良来发挥盐碱地的农业生产潜力,对保证国家粮食安全和经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。盐碱地中蕴含着种类繁多、功能多样的微生物资源,作为土壤生态系统中最活跃的成员之一,微生物在土壤结构改良、肥力提升和促进植物生长中发挥着重要作用,充分开发和利用微生物资源是改良盐碱地的重要途径。然而,由于对盐碱地微生物群落构建机制、生态功能调控途径和植物-微生物互惠互利机制等基本原理缺乏全面了解,加之微生物群落较高的环境敏感性等特点,基于微生物的盐碱地改良技术的开发仍面临巨大挑战。该文总结盐碱地中的主要功能微生物资源,概括微生物提高盐碱地土壤质量、促进植物生长和抗逆性、提高作物生产力的主要作用途径,回顾目前利用微生物改良盐碱地的主要方法及其研究进展,并探讨微生物改良盐碱地面临的挑战和未来的研究内容与方向,以期推动盐碱地微生物生态研究的开展,并为盐碱地改良提供微生物学的解决方案。Saline-alkali land,serving as a crucial reserve land resource,is widely distributed in China.Enhancing soil quality to unlock the agricultural potential of these lands is of great importance to ensure national food security and promote sustainable socioeconomic development.Notably,saline-alkali soils harbor diverse microbial resources with multifaceted functions.As the most active components within soil ecosystems,microorganisms play pivotal roles in improving soil structure,enhancing soil fertility,and facilitating plant growth.The strategic exploitation of these microbial resources represents a promising approach for saline-alkali soil remediation.Nevertheless,substantial challenges persist in developing microorganism-based amelioration technologies,as there are still lack of comprehensive understanding of microbial community assembly mechanisms,pathways for regulating ecological functions,and plant-microbe mutualistic interactions in saline-alkali environments,and the inherent environmental sensitivity of microbial communities further compounds these limitations.This paper summarizes the main functional microbial resources in saline-alkali land,outlines the primary pathways through microorganisms to enhance soil quality,promote plant growth and stress resistance,and boost crop productivity.It also systematically reviews the current main methods and research progress in utilizing microorganisms for saline-alkali soil remediation,and discusses the challenges faced in this progress as well as future research content and directions,with the aim of promoting the development of microbial ecological research in saline-alkali land and providing microbiological solutions for saline-alkali soil remediation.

关 键 词：盐碱地改良 功能微生物 耐盐碱微生物 微生物改良 修复机制 微生物群落调控 

分 类 号：S-1[农业科学] Q939.96[生物学—微生物学]