浙江省葡萄炭疽病菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Isolation,Identification and Biological Characteristics of Grape Anthracnose Pathogen in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：虞沈丹 路子琪 柴荣耀[1] 武军 王静[1] 邱海萍[1] 王艳丽[1] 孙国仓 王教瑜[1] YU Shendan;LU Ziqi;CHAI Rongyao;WU Jun;WANG Jing;QIU Haiping;WANG Yanli;SUN Guocang;WANG Jiaoyu(Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所/农产品质量安全全国重点实验室/农业农村部农业微生物组学重点实验室/农业农村部植保生物技术重点实验室,浙江杭州310021

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2025年第2期117-125,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵·领雁”重点研发计划项目(2023C02018);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29-13)。

摘　　要：[目的]葡萄炭疽病是我国葡萄最严重、最普遍的病害之一,其病原菌涉及胶孢炭疽(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)复合种和尖孢炭疽(C.acutatum)复合种的多个种和亚种,不同种类的病原菌生长特性和流行特点差异显著。明确浙江省葡萄炭疽病病原菌的种类,可为我国葡萄炭疽病病菌群体分布和病害绿色防控提供参考。[方法]采集疑似葡萄炭疽病病样,取果实发病部位分离病原菌。利用继代培养对病原菌进行纯化,对病原菌菌落、孢子形态和附着胞形态进行观察。利用ITS、TUB2、GAPDH、ACT、CHS、CAL 6个基因的序列构建系统发育树。利用人工接种测定病菌的致病性,并测定不同温度、pH值、碳源、氮源对病菌生长的影响。[结果]从葡萄果实发病部位分离获得6株形态特征基本一致的病原菌,柯氏验证表明菌株为该病害的病原菌。结合病原菌的形态学特征分析对比及基于ITS、TUB2、GAPDH、ACT、CHS、CAL 6个基因序列的系统发育分析,确定病原菌为隐秘刺盘孢菌(C.aenigma)。病原菌的生物特性分析结果表明,该病原菌的最佳培养温度和产孢最适温度为28℃、最佳生长pH为6,培养的最佳碳源和氮源分别为麦芽糖和牛肉浸膏。[结论]近年来浙江省宁海县葡萄炭疽病病原菌主要为隐秘刺盘孢菌,并明确其生物学特性。【Objective】Grape anthracnose is one of the most serious and common grape diseases in China.The pathogens involve multiple species and subspecies of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C.acutatum complex.The growth and epidemic characteristics of different species of pathogens are significantly different.Clarifying the species of grape anthracnose pathogens in Zhejiang Province can provide a reference for the population distribution of grape anthracnose pathogens and the green prevention and control of diseases in China.【Method】Grape anthracnose samples were collected,and pathogens were isolated from the diseased parts of fruits.The pathogen was purified by subculture,and the colony,spore morphology and appressorium morphology of the pathogen were observed.The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the sequences of ITS,TUB2,GAPDH,ACT,CHS and CAL.The pathogenicity of the pathogen was determined by artificial inoculation,and the effects of different temperature,pH value,carbon source and nitrogen source on the growth of the pathogen were determined.【Result】Six strains of pathogens with basically the same morphological characteristics were isolated from the diseased parts of grape fruits.Koch’s test showed that the strain was the pathogen of the disease.Combined with the morphological characteristics of the pathogen and the phylogenetic analysis based on ITS,TUB2,GAPDH,ACT,CHS and CAL gene sequences,the pathogen was identified as C.aenigma.The biological characteristics of the pathogen were analyzed.The results showed that the optimum culture temperature and sporulation temperature of the pathogen were 28℃,the optimum growth pH was 6,and the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were maltose and beef extract,respectively.【Conclusion】In recent years,the pathogen of grape anthracnose in Ninghai County,Zhejiang Province is mainly C.aenigma.And its biological characteristis were clarified.

关 键 词：葡萄炭疽病 隐秘刺盘孢菌 组织分离 病原菌鉴定 系统发育树 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.631[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]