高流速条件下鱼道进口区域水力特性优化研究  

Optimization of Hydraulic Characteristics in Inlet Area of Fishway at High Flow Rate

作　　者：张俊 张志广[2] 康向文 李文毅 郑铁刚[3] ZHANG Jun;ZHANG Zhiguang;KANG Xiangwen;LI Wenyi;ZHENG Tiegang(China Energy Xizang Lengda Power Generation Co.,Ltd,Shannan 856000,China;PowerChina Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited,Beijing 100024,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]国能(西藏)冷达发电有限公司,西藏山南856000 [2]中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司,北京100024 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《人民珠江》2025年第4期83-91,共9页Pearl River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3204203)。

摘　　要：鱼道进口区域水力特性直接关系到进口诱鱼作用,更是影响鱼道运行效果的关键。针对当前存在鱼道进口诱鱼效果不佳问题,提出了一种高流速条件下鱼道进口段水力特性优化装置,并建立了三维水动力学模型,研究了不同优化方案对鱼道进口区域诱鱼水流条件的改善效果。研究结果表明,在鱼道进口下游增设整流建筑物可有效改善高流速背景下进口区域的水流特性;通过体型对比研究,整流建筑物推荐体型为分流墩角度20°、斜导流墙角度36°、进口宽度5 m、出口宽度5 m、直导流墙长度10 m、丁坝长度10 m;推荐方案下,鱼道进口区域在高流速条件下可形成连续有效的过鱼通道。研究结果可为鱼道进口段设计与整治提供参考。The hydraulic characteristics in the inlet area of the fishway are directly related to the effect of attracting fish at the inlet,and it is the key to ensuring the operation effect of the fishway.In order to improve the poor effect of attracting fish at the inlet of the fishway,this paper presented an optimization device for hydraulic characteristics in the inlet area of the fishway at a high flow rate and established a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model.The paper also studied the improvement effect of different optimization schemes on the flow conditions for attracting fish at the inlet of the fishway.The results show that adding a rectifier building downstream at the inlet of the fishway can effectively improve the flow characteristics in the inlet area at a high flow rate.According to the comparative study of the body shape,the recommended body shape of the rectifier building is as follows:a diversion pier angle of 20°,oblique guide wall angle of 36°,inlet width of 5 m,outlet width of 5 m,direct guide wall length of 10 m,and spur dike length of 10 m.Based on the recommended scheme,the inlet area of the fishway can form a continuous and effective fishway at a high flow rate.The research results can provide a reference for the design and regulation of the inlet area of the fishway.

关 键 词：鱼道进口 诱鱼水流 整流建筑物 体型优化 水力特性 

分 类 号：TV13[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]