基于水动力模型的河道清淤方案比选研究  

Comparison and Selection of Channel Desilting Schemes Based on Hydrodynamic Models

作　　者：同玉 贾金睿 侯精明 景静 张凡[1] 周庆诗 王添[1] 刘玉玲[1] TONG Yu;JIA Jinrui;HOU Jingming;JING Jing;ZHANG Fan;ZHOU Qingshi;WANG Tian;LIU Yuling(State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《人民珠江》2025年第4期92-100,共9页Pearl River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52009104);陕西省联合基金重点项目(2022JC-LHJJ-09);陕西省重点研发计划(2023GXLH-042);中德合作交流项目(M-0427)。

摘　　要：为了探究不同河道清淤方案的清淤效果,采用GPU加速的水动力模型构建研究区域的洪水演进模型,模拟不同重现期下实施4种清淤方案后研究区域河道的洪水淹没情况。结果表明:①各方案对洪水淹没的减少效果与清淤挖方量从高到低均为全断面方案、组合式方案、仅漫滩方案、仅深泓方案;②各方案淹没面积分别减少了4.20%~21.68%、1.57%~13.85%、6.66%~43.6%、5.63%~39.7%,组合式方案的淹没面积削减率比全断面方案各重现期平均少了2.19%,但全断面方案的挖方量比组合式方案多了21.89%;③以淹没面积削减量与清淤挖方量的比值表示单位挖方量的淹没面积减少能力,各清淤方案的减少能力分别为7.34%~12.49%、2.75%~7.98%、8.86%~19.08%、9.13%~21.18%。各重现期下组合式方案的淹没面积削减能力均为最大,故确定组合式方案为4种清淤方案的综合最优方案。本研究可为河道清淤、防洪减灾提供参考。In order to explore the desilting effects of different channel desilting schemes,a hydrodynamic model accelerated by a graphic process unit(GPU)was used to construct a flood evolution model for the study area and simulate the flood inundation situation of the channels in the study area after implementing four desilting schemes at different return periods.The results show that:①The schemes in terms of flood inundation alleviation and desilting excavation volume in descending order are as follows:full-section scheme,combination scheme,only floodplain scheme,and only thalweg scheme.②The inundated area of each scheme decreases by 4.20%~21.68%,1.57%~13.85%,6.66%~43.6%,and 5.63%~39.7%,respectively.In terms of inundated area reduction rate,the combination scheme has an average reduction of 2.19%compared with the full-section scheme at different return periods,but the excavation volume of the full-section scheme is 21.89%higher than that of the combination scheme.③The ratio of the inundated area reduction rate to the excavation volume is used to represent the ability to reduce the inundated area per unit excavation volume.The ability of each desilting scheme to reduce inundated area is 7.34%~12.49%,2.75%~7.98%,8.86%~19.08%,and 9.13%~21.18%,respectively.The combination scheme has the strongest ability to reduce the inundated area at different return periods.Therefore,the combination scheme is determined as the comprehensive optimal scheme among the four desilting schemes.This study can provide a reference for channel desilting,flood control,and disaster reduction.

关 键 词：水动力模型 河道清淤 挖方量 洪水淹没 

分 类 号：TV85[水利工程—水利水电工程]