多级调控下的大豆割台高度控制系统设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Soybean Cutting Table Height Control System Under Multi-level Regulation

作　　者：任桂英[1] 古愉川 李平[1] 冯伟[1] 张先锋[1] 曹中华 周晓晖[1] 李英[1] 李果 Ren Guiying;Gu Yuchuan;Li Ping;Feng Wei;Zhang Xianfeng;Cao Zhonghua;Zhou Xiaohui;Li Ying;Li Guo(Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;Chongqing Agricultural Machinery Identification Station,Chongqing 402160,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329 [2]重庆市农业机械鉴定站,重庆402160

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第8期77-83,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTB2022TIAD-LUX0004);重庆市级财政科研项目(cqaas2023sjczhx008)。

摘　　要：针对大豆植株成熟后底荚低、地面凹凸不平导致的豆荚漏收和机收泥花脸等问题,以重庆鑫源4LZ-1.1LA小型联合收割机为载体,开展了割台高度控制系统研究,设计了一种前置浮动机械式仿形机构,协同单片机调控实现了割台高度多级控制。以角度传感器作为反馈环节,采用PID控制算法实现割台高度的自动调控;以割茬高度、破碎率、含杂率为测试因素开展了田间试验,搭载了高度控制系统的割台完成收获作业后,割茬高度与初始割刀离地高度平均偏差为9 mm,平均破损率为1.50%,平均含杂率为1.13%,相较于人工控制分别降低了10 mm、1.18%、0.53%。试验结果表明:割台高度控制系统运行稳定,为大豆低损收获提供了参考。Aiming at the problems such as low bottom pod after soybean plants mature,uneven ground leading to pod leakage and mud face,a cutting table height control system was designed and studied with Chongqing Xinyuan 4LZ-1.1LA small combine harvester as the carrier,and a forward floating mechanical copying mechanism was designed,which realized multi-level control of cutting table height with single-chip microcomputer control.With the Angle sensor as the feedback link,PID control algorithm was used to realize the automatic control of the cutting height.Field experiments were carried out with cutting height,breaking rate and impurity content as test factors.After the cutting table equipped with height control system completed the harvest operation,the average deviation between cutting height and initial cutter height was 9 mm,the average damage rate was 1.50%,and the average impurity content was 1.13%.Compared with manual control,they were reduced by 10 mm,1.18%and 0.53%,respectively.The test results showed that the cutting table height control system could run stably,which provided a reference for soybean harvest with low loss.

关 键 词：小型联合收割机 大豆割台 仿形机构 高度控制 多级调控 

分 类 号：S225.6[农业科学—农业机械化工程]