小区精量播种机专用电驱双联排种器的设计与试验  

Design and Test of Electric Drive Double Row Seed Dispenser for Precision Planter in Plot

作　　者：刘春旭[1] 张范良[1] 朱炫铭[1] 徐涛[1] 芦磊[1] 李存斌[1] 李蕾[1] Liu Chunxu;Zhang Fanliang;Zhu Xuanming;Xu Tao;Lu Lei;Li Cunbin;Li Lei(Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Engineering Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第8期105-111,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：黑龙江省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2021-2-B026);黑龙江省农业科学院2021年度院级项目(2021QKPY001)。

摘　　要：为解决目前小区精量播种机普遍存在的作业效率不高、作业质量难以提升的问题,提出了一种将两套步进电机驱动的排种部件镜像配置在吸种腔底座两侧且两套排种部件交替工作的设计方案,消除了常规排种器因结构限制难以在进种、充种、排种和清种等环节高速切换的性能缺陷;排种器还采用底板可翻转悬浮式充种室、充种数量在线计量装置和定量排种阻断装置等结构设计要素,使性能得到进一步提升;运用SolidWorks三维设计软件对排种器进行建模,依据作业需求对关键零部件的参数进行分析计算。台架试验表明:两套排种部件的工作性能无明显差异,负压腔真空度与株距合格率指标呈正相关,电机转速与株距合格率指标呈负相关,真空度与清种区存种数量呈负相关。当真空度为-4.0 kPa时,粒距合格率均大于96%,重播率为0,混杂率为0,满足设计要求。In order to solve the problems of low operation efficiency and difficult operation quality,proposed a mirror configuration of two sets of stepping motor drive on both sides of the seed suction cavity base,improved the performance defect of the conventional seed arrangement which is difficult to switch in the links of seed entering,filling,seed arrangement and seed clearing due to the structural limitation;The seed filter also adopted the structural design elements such as the inverted floating charging chamber of the bottom plate,the online metering device of charging quantity and the quantitative seed filter blocking device,so as to further improve the performance.The 3D modeling Solidworks software was used to model the seed arrangement device,and the parameters of the key components were analyzed and calculated according to the operation requirements.The bench test showed that there was no obvious difference in the working performance of the two sets of row parts;the vacuum degree of negative pressure chamber was positively correlated with the qualified rate of plant spacing;The motor speed was negatively correlated with the qualified rate of plant spacing;The vacuum degree was negatively correlated with the number of seeds in the clearing area.When the vacuum degree was-4.0 kPa,the grain distance pass rate results was greater than 96%,the replay rate was 0,and the confounding rate was 0,meeting the design requirements.

关 键 词：小区精量播种机 排种器 电驱 双联 混杂率 

分 类 号：S223.25[农业科学—农业机械化工程]