自走式人参播种机的设计与试验研究  

Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Ginseng Seeder

作　　者：刘占新 荆海洋 汪维杰 刘敏 王景立[1] 郭颖杰[1] Liu Zhanxin;Jing Haiyang;Wang Weijie;Liu Min;Wang Jingli;Guo Yingjie(College of Engineering and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学工程技术学院,长春130118

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第8期149-157,166,共10页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目(JJKH20210333KJ);吉林省重大科技专项(子)项目(20200504003YY)。

摘　　要：为解决我国人参种植机械化程度较低、播种质量参差不齐、工作效率较低等问题,以园参的种子为播种对象,设计研制了一款自走式人参播种机,对人参播种机的结构和排种器等关键部件进行设计优化。根据测得的人参种子的物料特性,设计了带有导种槽与清种槽的椭圆柱形型孔滚筒排种器,清种槽和导种槽角度均设计为30°。首先,以合格率、重播率和漏播率最优为试验指标,对孔径、滚筒转速和滚筒直径进行单因素田间试验,优选出各因素最优范围;其次,进行Box-Behnken田间试验,分别建立合格率、重播率和漏播率为响应值的回归模型。利用Design-Expert 11.0软件的优化模块,以合格率最大、重播率和漏播率最小为目标,确定排种器各因素最优参数为孔径7.2/6.4 mm、转速11 r/min、滚筒直径109 mm,得到合格率为93%、重播率为2.8%、漏播率为2.1%。结果表明:研制的自走式人参播种机工作过程稳定,可完成人参种子的精密播种。To solve the problems of low mechanization,uneven sowing quality,and low work efficiency in ginseng planting in China.A self-propelled ginseng seeder was designed and developed based on the seeds of garden ginseng.The structure and key components of the ginseng seeder,such as the seed metering device,were designed and optimized.Based on the measured material characteristics of ginseng seeds,an elliptical cylindrical hole drum seeder with a guide groove and a clear groove was designed.The angles of the clear groove and guide groove were both designed to be 30°.Firstly,single factor field experiments were conducted on aperture,drum speed,and drum diameter using pass rate,replay rate,and miss rate as experimental indicators to select the optimal range of each factor;Secondly,a Box Behnken field experiment was conducted to establish regression models with response values of pass rate,repeat rate,and missed rate,respectively.Using the optimization module of Design-Expert 11.0 software,with the goal of maximizing the pass rate,minimizing the replay rate and miss rate,the optimal parameters for each factor of the seeder were selected as aperture 7.2/6.4 mm,rotational speed 11 r/min,and drum diameter 109 mm.The pass rate was 93%,replay rate was 2.8%,and miss rate was 2.1%.The results indicated that the self-propelled ginseng seeder developed had a stable working process and can achieve precise sowing of ginseng seeds.

关 键 词：人参 自走式播种机 型孔滚筒排种器 响应面分析 精密播种 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]