山东省大豆玉米带状复合种植机械化技术对比试验分析  

Comparison Test and Analysis of Mechanization Technology of Soybean and Corn Strip Composite Planting in Shandong Province

作　　者：刘科 徐婷 康云友 刘婧 李登宇 刘刚毅 刘旭东[3] Liu Ke;Xu Ting;Kang Yunyou;Liu Jing;Li Dengyu;Liu Gangyi;Liu Xudong(College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China;Shandong Agricultural Machinery Technology Promotion Station,Jinan 250013,China;Qilu School of Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255049 [2]山东省农业机械技术推广站,济南250013 [3]山东农业大学齐鲁学堂,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第8期167-174,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：山东省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(SDNYXTTG-2023-01)。

摘　　要：我国常年需求大豆1.2亿t、玉米2.5亿t,2020年和2021年进口大豆均突破1亿t,量价齐升,进口数量占需求量的80%以上。为了应对国际贸易摩擦带来的大豆和玉米短缺风险,扩种大豆油料是党中央部署的重大政治任务,在保障国家粮油安全方面具有重要的战略意义。在土地资源有限的条件下,大豆玉米带状复合种植机械化技术能够保证玉米基本不减产,增收一季大豆,破解大豆玉米争地难题,提升国家粮油综合生产能力。由于地域规模、光热资源、机械配套等因素的限制,不同地区大豆玉米带状复合种植模式多样,成本、产量、效益等差异较大,影响技术的推广。为探寻适合山东省的大豆玉米带状复合种植机械化模式,筛选适宜机具,提高农民综合效益,研究选取山东省禹城市为试验点,通过调研,选取种植最多的4+2、4+3、6+3、6+4等4种复合种植模式,围绕种、管、收3个环节栽培要点和机械选配,从出苗率、产量、机收损失率、产出效益和作业成本等方面进行对比分析,筛选适宜山东省大豆玉米带状复合种植的技术模式和机具配套方案,为大面积推广提供技术支撑。China has a perennial demand of 120 million tons of soybean and 250 million tons of corn.China's imports of soybeans will exceed 100 million tons annually in 2020 and 2021,and the quantity and price of soybean imports will increase,accounting for more than 80%of the demand.In order to cope with the risk of soybean and corn shortage caused by international trade frictions,the expansion of soybean oil is a major political task deployed by the Party Central Committee,and has important strategic significance in ensuring national grain and oil security.Under the condition of limited land resources,the corn and soybean belt composite planting technology can ensure the corn yield,increase the soybean yield,solve the problem of corn and soybean land contention,and improve the national grain and oil comprehensive production capacity.Due to the limitations of regional scale,optical and thermal resources,and mechanical support,different areas of corn and soybean belt composite planting modes are diverse,and the cost,yield,and benefit are greatly different,which affects the promotion of the technology.In order to explore the soybean and corn belt composite planting mode suitable for Shandong Province,screen suitable machinery and tools,and improve farmers’comprehensive benefits,selected Yucheng City of Shandong Province as the test site.Through investigation,four composite planting modes of 4+2,4+3,6+3 and 6+4,which were planted most,were selected,and the cultivation points and machinery selection were focused on the three aspects of seed,pipe and harvest.Comparative analysis was made from the aspects of seedling emergence rate,yield,loss rate of machine harvest,yield benefit and operation cost,and suitable models and supporting tools for corn and soybean belt composite planting in Shandong Province were screened to provide technical support for the promotion of this technology in Shandong Province.

关 键 词：大豆玉米复合种植 种植模式 配套机具 山东省 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]