大蒜机械化种植模式试验研究  

Experiment on Mechanized Planting Mode of Garlic

作　　者：朱月浩 侯献伟 田绍华 辛丽 徐文艺 李鹍鹏 史忠涛 王萍 Zhu Yuehao;Hou Xianwei;Tian Shaohua;Xin Li;Xu Wenyi;Li Kunpeng;Shi Zhongtao;Wang Ping(Shandong Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Maria Agricultural Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Jining 272200,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业机械技术推广站,济南250100 [2]山东省玛丽亚农业机械股份有限公司,山东济宁272200

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第8期202-207,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2022CXGC010612,2024TZXD072)。

摘　　要：为了改变大蒜种植模式多样、不利于大蒜全程机械化技术推广的现状,探索大蒜宜机化种植模式,在山东省金乡县选择18 cm等行距平作、25cm/11 cm大小行平作和18 cm等行距4行垄作等3种有代表性的种植模式进行对比试验。在大蒜播种时选取了纯工作小时生产率、空穴率、重播率、正芽率和播种深度合格率等指标,在生长期选取了株高、叶数等指标,在收获时选取了纯工作小时生产率、伤蒜率、损失率、含杂率、蒜头合格率和产量等指标,综合评价3种大蒜机械化种植模式的机具的适应性、大蒜长势和产量。试验结果表明,对于大地块来说,大小行模式比等行距模式有更好的收获适应性,大蒜长势更好,产量也更高,只是播种作业质量略低;而垄作模式虽然长势、产量更好,但现阶段只有较小型机具配套使用,作业效率较低,推荐小地块或者丘陵山区采用这种种植模式。In order to change the current situation of diverse garlic planting modes,which is not conducive to the promotion of whole-process mechanization technology of garlic,the garlic planting mode suitable for mechanization was explored.In Jinxiang County,Shandong Province,three representative planting modes,namely 18cm equal row spacing flat cropping,25cm/11cm row size flat cropping and 18cm equal row spacing four-row row tillage,were selected for comparative tests.The index of pure working hour productivity,hole rate,reseeding rate,positive bud rate and qualified rate of seeding depth were selected during garlic seeding.In the growth period,plant height and leaf number were selected.During the harvest,the pure working hour productivity,damaged garlic rate,loss rate,impurity rate,qualified rate of garlic head and yield were selected to evaluate the adaptability of the three kinds of mechanized planting mode of garlic,garlic growth and yield.The experimental results showed that for large plots,the size row pattern had better harvest adaptability than the equal row spacing pattern,and the garlic growth was better and the yield was higher,but the sowing quality was slightly lower.Although the ridge tillage mode has better growth and yield,it is only used with smaller machines and tools at the current stage,and the operation efficiency is low.It is recommended to adopt this planting mode in small plots or hills and mountains.

关 键 词：大蒜 机械化 种植模式 

分 类 号：S233.75[农业科学—农业机械化工程]