宋代的茶政与监当官  

Tea Policies and Supervisory Officials in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：李初童 Li Chutong

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2025年第2期62-72,共11页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大研究专项“历史研究专题”委托项目“中国历史上的重要革新与变法研究”(项目编号:20@WTH008)。

摘　　要：宋代国家对茶叶的管控与其财政需求密切相关,无论是供应常备军费,还是采购粮草、军马等物资,都一定程度上依赖茶叶的流通营运。伴随着行政事务日繁,管理机构和人员势必相应增加,监当官制度由此应运而生,其选任和赏罚原则充分体现宋廷财政集权的意图。东南地区是茶利所出之地,先后设有中央直管的榷货务、山场、合同场等,监当官主要通过部注选任,是为正监官。四川地区推行榷卖法后,茶利留供地方买马,监当官多由茶马司选差地方长吏担任。宋廷还设置细密的考课制度以激劝官吏,在保障茶利收缴之余,也造成场务乱象。此外,有相当数量的监当官能够灵活执行政策,推动局部地区的茶业经济发展。The control of tea by the Song Dynasty was closely related to its financial needs. The supplying regular military expenses or purchasing supplies such as grain, forage, and military horses relied to some extent on the circulation and operation of tea. With the increasing complexity of administrative affairs, the number of management institutions and personnel was bound to increase accordingly, and the system of supervising officials emerged. Its principles of appointment and reward and punishment fully reflected the intention of the Song court to centralize finance. The southeastern region was the primary source of tea revenue, and successively established central government-controlled institutions for the state monopoly materials, mountain plantations, and contract markets. Supervisory officials were primarily appointed through the ministry of personnel and served as chief supervisory officials. After the implementation of the tea monopoly system in Sichuan, tea revenue were reserved for local purchases of horses, and the supervisory officials were mostly selected by the Tea and Horse Bureau from among local administrators. The Song court also established a detailed system of rewards and punishments to persuade officials, which not only ensured the collection of tea revenue, but also caused chaos in field affairs. In addition, a considerable number of supervisory officials were able to flexibly implement policies and promote the development of the tea industry economy in certain regions.

关 键 词：茶政 监当官 财政集权 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]