晚清政府对茶业危机的认知——以《访察茶叶情形文件》为研究中心  

The Qing Government's Perception of the Tea Industry Crisis:A Study Based on A Report on the Inspection of Tea Affairs

作　　者：陶德臣 Tao Dechen

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学政治工作系

出　　处：《农业考古》2025年第2期121-130,共10页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘一带一路’视野下的西南茶马古道文献资料整理与遗产保护研究”(项目编号:20&ZD229)。

摘　　要：晚清政府对茶业危机的认知具有深刻背景。鸦片战争后,随着洋茶崛起,对中国茶叶外销产生强烈冲击。19世纪80年代,中国茶业进入滞长阶段,茶质下降,茶价下跌,茶区衰落,茶利减少,中国茶叶在世界市场中的地位日益下降,英美主要市场危机突出,茶业危机来临。为挽救茶业危机,晚清政府以海关总署牵头,进行了较大规模的茶业调查,主要包括茶业重要地位、洋茶冲击影响、洋茶优势内容、中国茶业弊病、茶业危机表现、筹议茶务整顿等方面。晚清政府对茶业危机的认知主题鲜明,选择恰当,成果丰富,影响深远,具有多方面积极意义。同时,这种认知又是初步的,既不系统,也不全面,存在着明显缺陷,在此基础上进行的茶务整顿流于形式,没有取得实质性成效,没能实现振兴茶业的历史重任。The late Qing government's perception of the tea industry crisis has a profound background. After the Opium War, the rise of foreign tea had a strong impact on the export of Chinese tea. In the 1880s, Chinat's tea industry entered a stage of stagnation with declining tea quality, falling tea prices, declining tea areas, reduced tea profits, and the status of Chinese tea in the world market declining day by day. The crisis in the main markets of Britain and the United States was prominent, resulting in the tea industry crisis. In order to save the tea industry crisis, the late Qing government, led by the General Administration of Customs, conducted a large-scale survey of the tea industry. The efforts focused on the important position of the tea industry, the impact of foreign tea, the advantages of foreign tea, the drawbacks of Chinat's tea industry, the manifestations of the tea crisis,and the discussion on the reform of tea affairs. The late Qing governmentt's perception of the tea industry crisis was thematically distinct, appropriately focused, yielding substantial outcomes with far-reaching impacts, demonstrating multifaceted positive significance. At the same time, this perception, being preliminary, not systematic and comprehensive, had obvious defects. The subsequent reform of tea affairs proved to be a mere formality, failing to achieve substantive results or fulfill the historical mission of revitalizing the tea industry.

关 键 词：茶业危机 晚清政府 海关总署 认知内容 影响评析 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]