2016-2023年潍坊市病毒性腹泻突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析  

Epidemiological analysis of viral diarrhea public health emergency in Weifang from 2016 to 2023

作　　者：韩明奎 乔宗雷[1] 郭雪艳[1] 赵晓蒙 单杰[1] HAN Mingkui;QIAO Zonglei;GUO Xueyan;ZHAO Xiaomeng;SHAN Jie(Emergency Management Office,Weifang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Weifang,Shandong 261061,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊市疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《社区医学杂志》2025年第2期44-48,共5页Journal Of Community Medicine

基　　金：潍坊市科学技术发展计划(2022ZJ1060);潍坊市卫健委科研项目(WFWSJK-2020-170)。

摘　　要：目的 分析潍坊市病毒性腹泻突发公共卫生事件流行特征,为制定针对性防控措施提供参考依据。方法 收集“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”中2016-01-01-2023-12-31潍坊市上报的18起病毒性腹泻(致病原为诺如病毒、轮状病毒、札如病毒、星状病毒、肠道腺病毒)突发公共卫生事件相关信息。整理病毒性腹泻突发公共卫生事件的发生场所、发病规模、主要传播方式、时间分布、地区分布、人群分布等信息,以及病例临床表现、采样及实验室检测情况,采用描述性流行病学进行系统分析。计数资料比较用χ^(2)检验,双正态分布变量关系分析用Pearson相关,非双正态分布变量关系分析用Spearman相关。结果 2016-2023年,潍坊市18起病毒性腹泻主要致病病原为诺如病毒16起,札如病毒2起,报告病例430例,无死亡病例,罹患率为1.79%;除1月、8~10月外,其他月份均有报告;奎文区报告事件数最多(5起),幼儿园是高发场所(9起),不同类型学校之间罹患率差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=261.65,P<0.001。人传人是主要传播途径(13起),呕吐是最常见的临床症状(发生率为66.38%),粪便阳性检出率最高,为50.67%(152/300),主要是诺如病毒(82.89%,126/152)。各病毒之间粪便标本阳性检出率差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=252.30,P<0.001;GⅠ与GⅡ之间粪便标本阳性检出率差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=149.10,P<0.001。18起疫情介入处置时间中位数为3.68 d,疫情持续时间中位数为3.94 d。单起疫情发病人数与疫情持续时间之间呈正相关,rs=0.65,P=0.004;17起事件介入处置时间与疫情持续时间之间呈正相关,r=0.49,P=0.046。结论 幼儿园是潍坊市病毒性腹泻突发公共卫生事件的重点场所,人传人是主要的传播途径,诺如病毒GⅡ是最重要的致病病原;应全面落实重点场所防控措施,做到早发现、早报告、早处置。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea public health emergency in Weifang,and to provide a basis for targeted prevention and control measures.Methods The data of 18 viral diarrhea(the pathogens were rotavirus,norovirus,sapovirus,astrovirus,and adenovirus)public health emergency in Weifang from 2016 to 2023 were collected from Public Health Emergency Management Information System.To sort the data of location,incidence scale,main route of transmission,time distribution,regional distribution,population distribution,clinical manifestation,the sampling and laboratory detection,descriptive epidemiology was used for systematic analysis.Count data were com-pared with x2 test,Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between bivariate normal distribution varia-bles,Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between non-bivariate normal distribution variables.Re-sults From 2016 to 2023,in Weifang City,the main pathogenic agents of 18 cases of viral diarrhea were Norovirus in 16 cases and Sapovirus in 2 cases.There were 430 reported cases with no deaths,and the morbidity rate was 1.79%.Ca-ses were reported in all months except January and from August to October.Kuiwen district had the highest number of reported events(5 cases),and kindergartens were the most frequently affected places(9 cases).There was a statistically significant difference in the morbidity rate among different types of schools,χ^(2)=261.65,P<0.001.Person-to-person transmission was the main mode of transmission(13 cases),and vomiting was the most prominent clinical symptom(with an incidence rate of 66.38%).The positive detection rate was highest in feces,at 50.67%(152/300),mainly Norovirus(82.89%,126/152).There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of fecal specimens a-mong different viruses,χ^(2)=252.30,P<0.001.There was also a statistically significant difference in the positive detec-tion rate of fecal specimens between GI and GⅡ,χ^(2)=149.10,P<0.0

关 键 词：病毒性腹泻 突发公共卫生事件 流行病学 潍坊市 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科]