2014-2023年天津市和平区免疫规划疫苗对传染病防控情况调查  

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases controlled by immunization program vaccines in Heping district of Tianjin from 2014-2023

作　　者：高芳旭 李晓静 李思凡 GAO Fangxu;LI Xiaojing;LI Sifan(Department of Immunization Planning,Heping Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市和平区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,天津300070

出　　处：《社区医学杂志》2025年第1期16-21,共6页Journal Of Community Medicine

摘　　要：目的针对传染病流行特征,调查天津市和平区相关免疫规划疫苗的防控效果。方法资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统、天津市免疫规划信息管理系统。采用描述性流行病学方法,对天津市和平区2014-01-01-2023-12-31免疫规划疫苗主要针对的传染病疫情数据及疫苗接种资料进行调查与分析,包括麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎、百日咳等。率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,发病率变化趋势计算年度变化百分比(APC)。结果2014-2023年和平区共报告免疫规划疫苗主要针对传染病4种419例,年均发病率为12.33/10万,2014年发病率最高为43.84/10万,2020年最低为1.41/10万。报告病种依次为流行性腮腺炎(6.00/10万)、麻疹(3.06/10万)、百日咳(2.65/10万)和风疹(0.62/10万)。10年间,和平区免疫规划疫苗主要针对传染病总体发病呈下降趋势(APC=-32.19,P<0.001);6个街道均有病例报告,南市街发病率最高(16.29/10万),五大道街最低(8.39/10万),差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=14.91,P<0.001;男性发病率为14.38/10万,女性发病率为10.20/10万,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=12.06,P<0.001。病例主要分布在10岁以下儿童,学生158例(37.71%),散居儿童67例(15.99%)。按照国家免疫规划(NIP)程序,和平区适龄儿童NIP疫苗接种率均达99%以上。结论2014-2023年和平区针对传染病接种免疫规划疫苗,接种率保持在较高水平,传染病发病下降,有效建立了人群免疫屏障,降低了疫苗可预防疾病的发病和死亡水平。Objective To conduct a survey on the prevention and control effectiveness of immunization programs and vaccines in Heping district,Tianjin,based on the characteristics of infectious disease.Methods The data was sourced from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Tianjin Immunization Planning Information Management System.Using descriptive epidemiological methods,the epidemic data and vaccination information of infectious diseases mainly targeted by the immunization program vaccine in Heping district,Tianjin from January 1,2014 to December 31,2023,including measles,rubella,mumps,pertussis,etc.,were investigated and analyzed.The comparison of rates was conducted using theχ^(2)test,and the trend of incidence change was calculated using the Annual Percent Change(APC).Results From 2014 to 2023,Heping district reported a total of 419 cases of 4 kinds of infectious diseases for immunization planning vaccines,with an average annual incidence rate of 12.33/100000.The highest incidence rate was43.84/100000 in 2014,and the lowest was 1.41/100000 in 2020.The reported diseases were mumps(6.00/100000),measles(3.06/100000),pertussis(2.65/100000),and rubella(0.62/100000).Over the past 10 years,the immunization program vaccines in Heping district had shown a decreasing trend in the overall incidence of infectious diseases(APC=-32.19,P<0,001).All 6 streets had case reports.The highest incidence rate was in Nanshi Street(16.29/100000),and the lowest was in Wudadao Street(8.39/100000).The difference was statistically significant,χ^(2)=14.91,P<0.001.The male incidence rate was 14.38/100000,and the female incidence rate was 10.20/100000.The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=12.06,P<0.001).The cases were mainly distributed in children under 10 years old,with 158 students(37.71%)and 67 scattered children(15.99%).According to the national immunization program(NIP),the vaccination rate of NIP vaccine for eligible children in Heping district was over 99%.Conclusions From2014 to 2023,Heping dis

关 键 词：免疫规划 疫苗 传染病 发病率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]