风电系统在实现中国可再生能源目标中的效益与负担:资源环境评估  

Balancing benefits and burdens of wind power systems for achieving China′s renewable energy goals:Insights from resource and environmental assessment

作　　者：李依霖 刘明恺 LI Yilin;LIU Mingkai(School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technologies,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;School of Economics and Management,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)碳中和未来技术学院,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)经济管理学院,北京102249 [3]中国科学院工程热物理研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《煤炭经济研究》2025年第3期78-88,共11页Coal Economic Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72404278,52406035);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0506402);国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20233103);中央高校基本科研业务费综合交叉基金资助项目(ZX20230245)。

摘　　要：随着全球能源转型加速,风电已成为推动经济发展的关键动力之一。相比于化石能源系统,可再生能源设施运维成本较低,但前期投入较高。从全生命周期的视角,系统评估了风电系统的环境负担及其相较于燃煤电厂的替代效益。研究不仅涵盖了非可再生能源消耗与温室气体排放,还综合考虑了土地使用、水资源消耗,以及PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、NO_(x)和汞等较少研究的环境因素。与以往多聚焦于基础材料的研究相比,研究综合考虑了风电厂所需所有设备、材料及服务的投入。以中国某典型陆上风电厂为例,每千瓦时电力可减少9.2 MJ非可再生能源消耗,并降低782.8 g二氧化碳排放量。然而,与燃煤电厂相比,风电系统需两倍以上的土地使用,但其水资源消耗仅为燃煤电厂的三分之一。同时,风电系统每千瓦时电力的SO_(2)、汞、PM_(2.5)及NO_(x)排放削减率达到60.6%~89.3%。通过整合3797个处于运行中的点源风电厂数据和风力资源信息,本研究将单一电厂的结果扩展至国家层面,揭示了风电在缓解资源环境压力方面的潜力,并强调应制定分级策略提升风电在中国电力系统中的渗透水平。As the global economy increasingly depends on the transformation of the energy landscape,driven by the deployment of wind power,this study examines the life-cycle environmental burdens of wind power systems and their substitution benefits compared with coal-fired power plants.Recognizing that renewable energy systems typically require higher initial investments but lower operational costs than fossil-based systems,the analysis considers a range of factors.These include nonrenewable energy consumption,greenhouse gas emissions,and additional environmental impacts such as industrial land use,water consumption,and emissions of PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(x),and Hg that have been underexplored in prior research.In contrast to previous studies that either overlook critical supporting infrastructure or focus only on the physical plant structure,this study provides a comprehensive evaluation that includes all necessary equipment,materials,and services.Results for a typical plant in China show that advanced onshore wind power systems can lead to substantial reductions in nonrenewable energy use(9.2 MJ·(kW·h)-1)and greenhouse gas emissions(782.8 g CO_(2)·(kW·h)-1).However,producing equivalent electricity from wind power systems requires more than two times the industrial land area and nearly one-third the industrial water usage compared to traditional coal-fired power plants.Furthermore,avoided emissions of SO_(2),Hg,PM_(2.5),and NO_(x) per unit of electricity generated account for 60.6%-89.3%of the total air pollution emissions from supercritical coal-fired plants.By integrating data from 3,797 plant-specific cases and fixed-point wind energy information,this study scales up the findings from individual plants to a national level.The macro-level results highlight the significant potential of wind power systems in alleviating various resource and environmental pressures,emphasizing the importance of designing targeted strategies to enhance wind power integration.

关 键 词：风电系统 资源环境评优点 可再生能源目标 环境效益 可持续发展 

分 类 号：F416.21[经济管理—产业经济]