赤霉素和水氮供应对三青莴笋生长的影响  

Effects of Gibberellin and Water and Nitrogen Supply on the Growth of Sanqing Lettuce

作　　者：张泽锦[1,2] 梁颖 唐丽 李家慧[3] ZHANG Zejin;LIANG Ying;TANG Li;LI Jiahui(Horticulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu,Sichuan 610066;Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables,Pengzhou,Sichuan 611934;Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mianyang,Sichuan 621023)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,蔬菜种质与品种创新四川省重点实验室,四川成都610066 [2]四川省蔬菜工程技术研究中心,四川彭州611934 [3]绵阳市农业科学研究院,四川绵阳621023

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第8期18-24,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金资助项目(2023NSFSC0159);四川省“十四五”蔬菜育种攻关资助项目(2021YFYZ0022)。

摘　　要：以三青莴笋品种“天香青”为试材,采用赤霉素、水分和氮素三因素试验方法,研究了赤霉素和水氮供应对莴笋顶端赤霉素、生长素、细胞分裂素等内源激素含量、茎秆细胞长度、莴笋生长指标的影响,以期为科学利用赤霉素和进行水氮供应提供参考依据。结果表明:水分和氮素对莴笋株高、地上部鲜质量、茎叶比和茎粗具有显著影响,提高水分和氮素供应可以显著提高上述指标。在品质方面,赤霉素、水分和氮素对三青莴笋茎秆叶绿素含量无显著影响,但对纤维素含量影响显著。赤霉素处理可降低纤维素含量,而减少水分和氮素供应则会导致纤维素含量增加。此外,赤霉素处理后,莴笋顶端赤霉素(GA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)和生长素(IAA)含量分别比对照增加21.0%、53.6%和34.2%,脱落酸(ABA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量分别比对照减少14.8%和31.7%,茎秆表皮和皮层细胞长度显著增加。综上所述,赤霉素主要通过提高三青莴笋内源赤霉素、生长素和细胞分裂素含量,促进细胞伸展,最终导致株高和叶间距的增加;提高水分和氮素供应可以提高三青莴笋产量,降低茎秆纤维素含量。Taking Sanqing asparagus lettuce variety‘Tianxiangqing’as the test materials,three factors method were used.The effects of gibberellin and water and nitrogen supply on the content of endogenous hormones such as gibberellin,auxin and cytokinin at the top of lettuce,stem cell length and lettuce growth index were studied,in order to provide reference for the scientific utilization of gibberellin and water and nitrogen supply.The results showed that water and nitrogen had a significant effect on lettuce plant height,shoot fresh weight,stem to leaf ratio,and stem diameter.Increasing water and nitrogen supply could significantly increase the above four indexes.In terms of quality,GA,water,and nitrogen had no significant effect on the chlorophyll content of Sanqing lettuce stems but had a significant effect on the cellulose content.GA treatment could reduce cellulose content,while decreasing water and nitrogen supply would increase cellulose content.In addition,after GA treatment,the GA,cytokinin(CTK),and auxin(IAA)contents in the lettuce top increased by 21.0%,53.6%,and 34.2%,respectively,compared with the control,while the abscisic acid(ABA)and jasmonic acid(JA)contents decreased by 14.8%and 31.7%,respectively,compared with the control.In summary,the length of epidermal and cortical cells in the stem increased significantly.Comprehensive analysis showed that GA mainly increased the endogenous GA,auxin,and cytokinin contents of Sanqing lettuce,promoting cell elongation,which ultimately led to an increase in plant height and leaf spacing;increasing water and nitrogen supply could improve the yield of Sanqing lettuce and reduce the cellulose content of the stem.

关 键 词：三青莴笋 赤霉素 水氮供应 生长 

分 类 号：S641[农业科学—蔬菜学]