基于隶属函数法的蝴蝶兰栽培基质综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation on Substrates for Phalaenopsis Culture by Membership Function Method

作　　者：王世尧 张果 杨书才 王瑞华 蒋拴丽 王俊 WANG Shiyao;ZHANG Guo;YANG Shucai;WANG Ruihua;JIANG Shuanli;WANG Jun(Zhengzhou Academy of Agriculture and Technology Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450005)

机构地区：[1]郑州市农业科技研究院,河南郑州450005

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第8期72-81,共10页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)资助项目(232102111101);河南省林木种质资源建设资助项目(豫财环资[2023]60号)。

摘　　要：以‘台湾阿嬷’和‘郑农火凤凰’蝴蝶兰为试材,根据不同复配方式共设置T_(1)(品氏泥炭土)、T_(2)(椰壳块)、T_(3)(V(国产水苔)∶V(品氏泥炭土)=1∶1)、T_(4)(V(国产水苔)∶V(椰壳块)=1∶1)、T_(5)(V(国产水苔)∶V(木屑)=1∶1)、CK(国产水苔)等6个处理,采用隶属函数法,研究各处理下基质对蝴蝶兰生长发育的影响,以期为蝴蝶兰产业的提质增效提供参考依据。结果表明:除T_(2)的持水孔隙度较低外,各处理基质的容重、孔隙度和气水比及栽培前后的pH和EC值均可满足蝴蝶兰的正常生长条件。2个蝴蝶兰品种在各个处理下的成活率均超过87.50%,‘郑农火凤凰’的成活率较高。不同处理下2个蝴蝶兰品种的叶片大小和冠幅生长均呈“S”型曲线,定植330 d时T_(3)和T_(1)的整体长势均优于其他处理且总叶片数最多。在花期时,2个品种在T_(3)、CK和T_(1)的花梗长度和花序长度较高,在开花品质方面,除T_(2)显著低于CK,各处理与CK差异不显著。不同处理基质使用成本较CK降低了34.33%~36.76%,结合成本及蝴蝶兰的生长情况,T_(3)、T_(1)的综合评价系数最高,最适宜盆栽蝴蝶兰生长,T_(4)与CK接近,亦可作为理想的栽培基质配方。Taking Phalaenopsis amabilis cv.formosum and Phlaenopsis‘Zhengnong Huofenghuang’as the experimental materials,total of six treatments were established in different compounding modes,namely T_(1)(V(pindstrups phagnum peat)),T_(2)(V(coconut chunks)),T_(3)(V(domestic sphagnum moss)∶V(pindstrups phagnum peat)=1∶1),T_(4)(V(domestic sphagnum moss)∶V(coconut chunks)=1∶1),T_(5)(V(domestic sphagnum moss)∶V(sawdust-compound)=1∶1),CK(domestic sphagnum moss),using the membership function method to study the effects of substrates on the growth and development of Phalaenopsis under various treatments,in order to provide reference for improving the quality and efficiency of the Phalaenopsis industry.The results showed that the bulk density,porosity,gas-water ratio,pH and EC value before and after cultivation of each treatment substrates could meet the normal growth conditions of Phalaenopsis except for the lower water-holding porosity of T_(2).The survival rate of the two Phalaenopsis varieties under each treatment was more than 87.50%,and the survival rate of P.‘Zhen gnong Huofenghuang’was higher.The leaf size and crown width of the two Phalaenopsis varieties under different treatments showed an‘S’-shaped curve,and the overall growth of T_(3)and T_(1)were better than other treatments at 330 days of planting.During the flowering stage,both pedical length and inflorescence length in T_(3),CK,and T_(1)exhibited significant increases.Regarding flowering quality,while T_(2)was markedly lower than CK,no substantial differences were observed between the others.Comparison to CK,the utilization costs of various treatment substrates decreased by approximately 34.33%-36.76%.Considering both cost-effectiveness and Phalaenopsis growth performance,T_(3)and T_(1)achieved the highest comprehensive evaluation coefficients,indicated their suitability for cultivating Phalaenopsis in potted conditions.Additionally,T4 closely resembled CK and could also serve as an ideal substrate formulation for cultivation.

关 键 词：蝴蝶兰 基质 理化性质 生长发育 隶属函数法 综合评价 

分 类 号：S682[农业科学—观赏园艺]