秸秆还田模式对寒地黑土主要理化性质及微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning Modes on the Main Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community of Black Soil in Cold Regions

作　　者：李雯琪 吕品[1] 于志民[1] 王立民[1] 张继舟[1] 李新荣[2] LI Wenqi;LYU Pin;YU Zhimin;WANG Limin;ZHANG Jizhou;LI Xinrong(Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology,Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences/National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Wetland and Ecological Conservation,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所,湿地与生态保育国家地方联合工程实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第8期114-122,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：黑龙江省科学院院长基金资助项目(YZ2022ZR01);北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所农业环境监测与污染防治团队促进资助项目(ZHS202303)。

摘　　要：以黑龙江省五常市不同秸秆还田处理1年的土壤为试材,分析其土壤理化性质和酶活性,同时采用宏基因组测序技术,对秸秆离田、秸秆直接还田、秸秆粉碎后还田和秸秆粉碎后加腐熟牛粪还田的根际土壤细菌的群落结构组成和功能多样性特征进行分析,比较4种方式的秸秆还田后土壤中微生物的共性和差异性,并结合环境因子关联分析,以期为黑土区不同秸秆还田方式对黑土土壤短期肥力提升、秸秆还田措施优化和秸秆资源化利用提供参考依据。结果表明:秸秆粉碎还田加腐熟牛粪处理的土壤中全氮(TN)、总有机碳(TOC)、碱解氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量分别提升了16.67%、6.79%、1.62%、10.61%和3.97%;纤维素酶(S-CL)和过氧化氢酶(S-CAT)活性分别提升了25.26%和2.44%。所有处理均提高了放线菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度,土壤中性磷酸酶活性(S-NP)、AN、AP、AK、电导率(EC)和pH是细菌群落组成的重要影响因素。经秸秆粉碎还田加腐熟牛粪处理的土壤中差异物种为g_Chachezhania,g_Intestinimonas和g_Jiulongibacter。KEGG数据信息表明,秸秆还田处理,特别是秸秆粉碎还田加腐熟牛粪处理可提高有机物质的分解和氮组分转化潜力,整体来看,加入腐熟牛粪和粉碎后秸秆还田的短期处理可以提高土壤肥力和土壤酶活性,增强细菌群落丰富度,改变细菌群落结构和组成,改善土壤的碳氮循环功能,从而促进黑土中适合作物和细菌生长的环境形成。Taking soil for one year treated with different straw returning methods in Wuchang city,Heilongjiang Province as the test material,the soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity were analyzed,at the same time,metagenomic sequencing technology was used to analyze the community structure and functional diversity characteristics of no straw return,straw return directly,straw were crushed and returned into soil directly,and added decomposed cow manure after crushing straw and return it to the field,comparing the commonalities and differences of soil microorganisms in four different ways of returning straw to the field,combined with environmental factor correlation analysis,in order to provide reference for short-term fertility improvement of black soil,shraw returning measures optimization and straw resource utilization.The results showed that straw crushing and cow manure application increased TN,TOC,AN,AP,and AK by 16.67%,6.79%,1.62%,10.61%,and 3.97%,and increased S-CL and S-CAT activities by 25.26%and 2.44%.All treatments increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria,the S-NP activity,AN,AP,AK,EC,and pH were important influencing factors of bacterial community composition.The differential species in the soil treated with ground straw and added decomposed cow manure to the soil before returning it to the field were g_Chachezhania,g_Intestinimonas,and g_Jiulongibacter.KEGG data suggested that straw return treatments,especially the post-crushing addition of decomposed cow manure,boost soil microbes’abilities to decompose organic matter and cycle nitrogen.Overall,short-term treatment of crushed straw returning to the field with decomposed cow manure could improve soil fertility and soil enzyme activity,enhance bacterial community richness,altere bacterial community structure and composition,improve the carbon and nitrogen cycling function of soil,thereby promoting the formation of an environment suitable for crop and bacterial growth in black soil.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 黑土区 土壤养分 细菌群落结构 宏基因组测序 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]