《一位女士的画像》中的“观察之眼”设计与印象主义叙事艺术探析  

An Analysis on the Design of the“Seeing Eye”and the Impressionistic Narrative Art in Henry James'The Portrait of a Lady

作　　者：鲍忠明[1] 王禄玺 郝情 Bao Zhongming;Wang Luxi;Hao Qing(School of Foreign Languages,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学外国语学院,北京102488

出　　处：《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第3期76-87,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(24AWW006)。

摘　　要：亨利·詹姆斯的早期代表作《一位女士的画像》集生命哲学、道德关怀与叙事艺术于一体,是他在《小说的艺术》中提倡的“完美之作”的最佳呈现。基于其赏、评印象派绘画的经验,詹氏将该画派技法吸纳至《画像》的创作中,突出表现为对形成印象的关键性环节“观察”的重视。这种重视被珀西·卢伯克赓续并升华为能够反哺詹姆斯小说批评的“观察之眼”视角理论。小说中多元、碎片化的印象源于不同“观察之眼”的通力合作,文学印象主义特质凸显之处也是“观察之眼”移转频次的高峰。通过“观察之眼”不断移转的叙事模式,小说文本从多元现实的主客体共现、丰富且碎片化的印象呈现、时空的绵延交融、围绕印象的语象叙事这四个方面表现出文学印象主义特质,是詹姆斯的创作模式迈向现代及其显著的印象主义视觉理论形成的重要标志。Henry James'seminal early work,The Portrait of a Lady,is a tapestry woven from the threads of life philosophy,moral consideration,and narrative art,representing the quintessence of the“perfect work”he championed in“The Art of Fiction”.Following the transformative waves of Impressionism in 1870 and 1885,James embraced the avant-garde movements'dual emphasis on artistic expression and scientific composition,integrating these principles effectively into his narrative craft.As a central theme in James'discourse on fiction and art theory,impression and Impressionism are the linchpins of his theoretical framework,encompassing discussions on the definition,value,creative process,character psychology,and narrative perspective of fiction.In James'novel creation,impression and Impressionism emerge as the nucleus of textual representation,permeating the entirety of his literary career.Within the pages of The Portrait,James'Impressionist vision is on vivid display with character consciousness at the epicenter of the narrative and impressions treated as the focal points of cognitive processing.The novel's scenic descriptions accentuate the interplay of light and color,echoing the Impressionist technique of capturing the effects of light,hue,and atmosphere.Moreover,James underlines the phenomenological correlation between subject and object in the construction of psychological or conscious modalities,particularly in the case of the tension between Isabel Archer's subjective self-assurance and the stark reality she confronts.This tension not only propels the narrative forward but also amplifies the novel's dramatic impact.Percy Lubbock,in his The Craft of Fiction,carries forward and expands upon James'thoughts on fictional art of narrative,underscoring the significance of point of view in the technical execution of fiction.Lubbock's“Seeing Eye”theory promotes the dramatization of perspectives through the modulation of viewpoints among various subjects,presenting at once the dramatic scenes and stereoscopic picturesq

关 键 词：亨利·詹姆斯 《一位女士的画像》“ 观察之眼” 印象主义视觉 叙事艺术 文学印象主义 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]