中深孔分段空场法开采急倾斜软破薄矿脉的实践  

Practice of Mining Steeply Inclined and Soft Broken Veins by Medium-Deep HoleSegment-Open Pit Method

作　　者：钟勇 杨宁 雷江龙 ZHONG Yong;YANG Ning;LEI Jiangong(Guizhou Zijin Mining Co.,Ltd.,Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Guizhou 562400,China;Changsha Institute of Mine Research Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410012,China;Luoyang Kunyu Mining Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang,Henan 471700,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州紫金矿业股份有限公司,贵州黔西南布依族苗族自治州562400 [2]长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙410012 [3]洛阳坤宇矿业有限公司,河南洛阳市471700

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2025年第4期9-15,共7页Mining Research and Development

摘　　要：为解决上宫金矿急倾斜软破薄矿脉开采安全性差、损失贫化率大等问题,采用脉外采准中深孔分段空场法对F1-Ⅲ号矿脉进行了现场工业试验研究。结果表明:所有采准工程布置在脉外稳定岩体中,从脉外巷道向矿体内钻凿中深孔控制并回采矿体能够确保施工过程安全;采用以出矿进路作为爆破的初始自由面,3~4排炮孔同时由下向上逐次爆破形成全断面的无切割工程爆破拉槽技术能够显著减少安全隐患,降低开采费用,简化施工工艺;凿岩过程精确地判定围岩和矿脉的分界线,使用塑料套管护孔,并采取精细化爆破技术进行回采,采场工艺参数确定为最小抵抗线1.5 m、排距1.5 m、孔底距2.0 m、炸药单耗0.22 kg/t时,爆破效果最好,损失率降到了10.1%,贫化率降到了12.4%,采场生产能力较浅孔留矿法提高了54.6 t/d,采矿直接成本降低了11.06元/t。In order to solve the problems of poor mining safety and high loss and depletion rate of the steeply inclined and soft broken veins in Shanggong Gold Mine,the F1-Ⅲ vein were subjected to on-site industrial experimental research using the quasi-medium-deep hole segmented-open pit method.The results show three aspects.Firstly,all the mining works are arranged in stable rock mass outside the vein,and the safety of the construction process can be ensured by drilling medium-deep holes into the ore body from the roadway outside the vein to control and recover the ore body.Secondly,the non-cutting engineering blasting groove technology,which takes the mine approach as the initial free surface of blasting and the 3-4 rows of holes are simultaneously blasted from bottom to top to form a full section,can significantly reduce safety hazards,reduce mining costs and simplify construction technology.Lastly,the dividing line between the surrounding rock and the vein is accurately determined during the drilling process,the hole is protected by plastic sleeves and the mining is carried out by fine blasting technology.When the stope process parameters are determined as the minimum resistance line of 1.5 m,the row distance of 1.5 m,the hole bottom distance of 2.0 m,and the single explosive consumption of o.22 kg/t,the blasting effect is the best.The loss rate is reduced to 10.1%,the dilution rate is reduced to 12.4%,the production capacity of the mining site is increased by 54.6 t/d compared to the shallow hole retention method,and the direct mining cost is reduced by 11.06 yuan/t.

关 键 词：急倾斜软破薄矿脉 脉外采准中深孔分段空场法 无切割拉槽 精细化爆破 

分 类 号：TD853.2[矿业工程—金属矿开采]