油茶加工剩余物制备不同轻基质及其育苗效果  

Preparation of different light substrates from the processing residues of Camellia oleifera and their effects on seedling cultivation

作　　者：李慧 张明刚 魏莹莹 LI Hui;ZHANG Ming-gang;WEI Ying-ying(Institute of Forest Cultivation,Guizhou Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China,Guiyang 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院森林培育研究所/西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,贵阳550005

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2025年第4期77-83,共7页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省林业科研项目(黔林科合[2022]09号;黔林科合[2022]15号;黔林科合[2022]02号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般166);贵州省特色林业产业科研项目(特林研2020-15)。

摘　　要：使用油茶(Camellia oleifera)加工剩余物进行堆肥发酵,将腐熟的有机肥与轻体辅料混合成8种不同的轻基质,经油茶实生育苗试验研究制备的轻基质对苗木各形态指标的影响,最终通过因子分析综合评价制备的各轻基质处理的育苗效果,筛选出最优的轻基质配方。结果表明,育苗近1年后,轻基质C_(1)[50%有机肥(30%油茶子饼发酵而成)+10%珍珠岩+25%椰糠+15%松针]的油茶苗木成活率、苗高、地径、叶片面积最高,均高于CK。油茶苗木生物量排前三位的处理为C_(1)、C_(2)[40%有机肥(30%油茶子饼发酵而成)+10%珍珠岩+20%椰糠+10%松针+20%泥炭]和D_(1)[50%有机肥(50%油茶子饼发酵而成)+10%珍珠岩+25%椰糠+15%松针],其中C_(1)的生物量高于CK。油茶苗木根系形态指标显示,C_(1)的苗木总根长、总根表面积最大,C_(2)与D_(1)略低于C_(1),3种轻基质处理的总根长、总根表面积与CK均不存在显著差异;D_(1)的苗木根系密度最大,其次为C_(1),各轻基质处理根系密度均低于CK。C_(1)培育的油茶实生苗生长指标综合得分最高,优于对照和其他轻基质配方。由此可知,油茶加工剩余物按照一定比例混合发酵后可作为配制轻基质的主料。The processing residues of Camellia oleifera were used for composting and fermentation.Then the mature organic fertilizer was mixed with lightweight additives to prepare eight different lightweight substrates.The effects of these lightweight substrates on the morphological indicators of seedlings were studied by the seeding test of C.oleifera.Finally,the seedling effects of eight lightweight substrate treatments were comprehensively evaluated by factor analysis,and the optimal lightweight substrate formula was selected.The results showed that after nearly one year of seedling nursery,the seedling survival rate,seedling height,ground diameter and leaf area of lightweight substrates C_(1)[50%organic fertilizer(fermented by 30%seed cake of C.oleifera)+10%perlite+25%coir pith+15%pine needles]were the highest,which were higher than those of CK.The top three in terms of biomass were C_(1),C_(2)[40%organic fertilizer(fermented by 30%seed cake of C.oleifera)+10%perlite+20%coir pith+10%pine needles+20%peat]and D1[50%organic fertilizer(fermented by 50%seed cake of C.oleifera)+10%perlite+25%coir pith+15%pine needles].The material accumulation of C_(1) was higher than that of the CK.The root morphology indexes of C.oleifera seedlings showed that the total root length and the total root surface area of C_(1) were the largest,and these two indexes of C_(2) and D1 were slightly lower than C_(1).These three light substrate treatments showed no significant difference in the total root length and the total root surface area compared to CK.The root density of D1 was the highest,followed by C_(1).The root density of all treatments was lower than that of CK.The comprehensive score of the growth index of C.oleifera seedlings cultivated by C_(1) was the highest,which was better than that of control and other lightweight substrates.It could be seen that the processing residues of C.oleifera could be used as the main material for the preparation of lightweight substrates after mixed fermentation according to a certain proportion.

关 键 词：油茶(Camellia oleifera) 加工剩余物 堆肥发酵 轻基质 育苗 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种] X712[农业科学—林学]