“净矿”出让背景下矿业用地问题的法律解决路径  

Legal solution path for issues of mining land use under the background of“net mining”transfer

作　　者：李显冬 李煜玟[3] LI Xiandong;LI Yuwen(Institute of Natural Resources Strategic Development,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Center for Land and Resource Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China;School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)自然资源战略发展研究院,北京100083 [2]中国政法大学国土资源法律研究中心,北京100088 [3]中国地质大学(北京)经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第4期41-46,共6页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国自然资源经济研究院自然资源部部门预算二级项目“矿业权‘净矿’出让政策及技术支撑研究评议”资助。

摘　　要：本文旨在探讨“净矿”出让背景下矿业用地问题的法律解决路径。新修订的《矿产资源法》为“净矿”出让提供了法律基础,但我国国土空间规划与矿业用地衔接仍存在矛盾。为解决当前矿业用地管理中存在的法律障碍,特别是在不取得所有权条件下如何有效利用矿业用地,本文提出通过地役权制度来探索解决方案。首先分析了“净矿”出让的法律基础及其在实践中面临的挑战,包括采矿权与土地使用权分离、用地审批复杂等问题。随后探讨了地役权制度的理论基础及其在矿业用地中的应用潜力,包括自己地役权、意定相邻关系和公共地役权等多种形式。而后通过案例分析了多地在“净矿”出让实践中面临的矿业权与土地使用权分离、用地审批复杂等共性问题。法定地役权作为一种有效的法律工具,能够在不改变土地所有权的前提下,通过立法手段明确矿业用地的使用权限和补偿机制,从而平衡公共利益与私人利益。法定地役权是“净矿”出让法治化的应然路径,通过借鉴和演绎地役权的现有规则,推动地役权在中国实现本土化与体系化的发展,可以为“净矿”出让的推广实施提供坚实的法律保障,建议通过立法进一步规制矿业用地管理中的共性问题,确保“净矿”出让政策的顺利实施。The purpose of this paper is to discuss the legal solution path for issues of mining land use under the background of“net mining”transfer.The newly revised Mineral Resources Law provides a legal basis for“net mining”transfer,but there are still contradictions between China’s national land spatial planning and mining land use.In order to solve the legal obstacles in the management of mining land use,especially how to effectively use mining land without obtaining ownership,this paper proposes to explore the solution through the easement system.Firstly,analyzes the legal basis of“net mining”transfer and the challenges it faces in practice,including the separation of mining rights and land use rights,and the complexity of land use approval.Then,explores the theoretical basis of the easement system and its potential application in mining land use,including various forms such as own easement,intentional adjacency and public easement.The study found that the practice of“net mining”transfer in various places is faced with common problems such as the separation of mining rights and land use rights,and the complexity of land use approval.Statutory easements,as an effective legal tool,can balance public and private interests by clarifying the use rights and compensation mechanisms of mining land through legislative means without changing land ownership.Statutory easement is the path for the rule of law of“net mining”transfer,and it can provide a solid foundation for the promotion and implementation of“net mining”transfer by drawing on and interpreting the existing rules of easement and promoting the localization and systematic development of easement in China.It can provide a solid legal guarantee for the promotion and implementation of“net mining”transfer.This paper also suggests that legislation should be enacted to further regulate common problems in the management of mining land to ensure the smooth implementation of the“net mining”transfer policy.

关 键 词：“净矿”出让 地役权 法定地役权 《矿产资源法》 矿业用地 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] D922.62[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] F407.1[政治法律—法学]