铜冶炼渣综合利用现状与展望  

Current status and prospects of comprehensive utilization of copper smelting slag

作　　者：李明冬 饶剑 刘星 黄松柏 肖仁伟 于鲲 王丹丹 王宇鑫 余群波 张兆雪[1] 王瑞祥[1] LI Mingdong;RAO Jian;LIU Xing;HUANG Songbai;XIAO Renwei;YU Kun;WANG Dandan;WANG Yuxin;YU Qunbo;ZHANG Zhaoxue;WANG Ruixiang(School of Metallurgical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Jilin Zijin Copper Co.,Ltd.,Yanbian 133300,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学冶金工程学院,江西赣州341000 [2]吉林紫金铜业有限公司,吉林延边133300 [3]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第4期251-261,共11页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：吉林紫金铜业有限公司项目资助(编号:2024360702034275);江西理工大学高层次人才科研启动项目资助(编号:2021029)。

摘　　要：铜渣是铜冶炼过程中产生的主要固体废弃物,含有大量有价金属(如铜、铁、钴、锌等)和有害成分(如砷、铅、铬等),其综合利用对于资源回收和环境保护具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来铜渣资源化利用的研究进展,主要涵盖有价金属的回收及其在建筑和功能材料中的应用。现有研究主要采用火法贫化和湿法浸出回收铜、铁等金属,尤其是酸浸、氧压浸出和微生物浸出等工艺在提升金属回收效率方面成效显著。浮选和磁选等物理选矿技术利用矿物颗粒特性,实现了金属的高效分离与回收。在建筑材料领域,铜渣作为混凝土、砂浆和水泥的细骨料替代材料,表现出良好的火山灰活性,能够提升建筑材料的耐久性和抗压性能,缓解天然砂石资源短缺。此外,铜渣掺入水泥可有效降低煅烧温度并提高水泥性能,拓展其在建筑行业中的应用。在功能材料领域,铜渣在微晶玻璃、催化剂和微电解填料中的应用前景广阔。铜渣制备的微晶玻璃具备优良的机械和耐热性能,可用于建筑和耐火材料;作为催化剂和微电解填料,铜渣在废水处理和有机污染物降解中展现出良好的应用潜力。尽管铜渣资源化利用技术不断进步,但实际应用中仍面临成分复杂、标准不统一等挑战。未来需要进一步优化工艺流程和制定行业标准,以确保铜渣的高效、安全和可持续利用。通过技术创新和标准化体系建设,铜渣在功能材料、建筑材料和环保领域有望实现更广泛应用,助力资源循环利用与绿色冶金的发展。Copper slag is a significant solid waste generated during copper smelting,containing substantial amounts of valuable metals(such as copper,iron,cobalt,and zinc)and harmful elements(such as arsenic,lead,and chromium).Its comprehensive utilization is essential for resource recovery and environmental protection.This paper reviews recent advances in copper slag resource utilization,focusing on metal recovery techniques and applications in construction and functional materials.Current research mainly employs pyrometallurgical depletion and hydrometallurgical leaching methods for copper,iron,and other metal recovery,with acid leaching,oxygen pressure leaching,and bioleaching notably improving efficiency.Physical beneficiation methods,including flotation and magnetic separation,further enhance metal separation and recovery by leveraging mineral particle characteristics.In construction materials,copper slag serves as an alternative fine aggregate in concrete,mortar,and cement,demonstrating excellent pozzolanic activity that enhances the durability and compressive strength of building materials,while also mitigating natural sand shortages.Additionally,incorporating copper slag in cement reduces calcination temperature and improves cement performance,broadening its construction applications.As a functional material,copper slag shows promising potential in glassceramics,catalysts,and micro-electrolytic fillers.Glass-ceramics produced from copper slag possess excellent mechanical and thermal properties,suitable for building and refractory materials.As a catalyst and micro-electrolytic filler,copper slag also demonstrates high potential in wastewater treatment and organic pollutant degradation.While copper slag utilization technologies are progressing,challenges in practical application remain due to compositional complexity and the lack of standardized regulations.Future efforts should prioritize optimizing processes and establishing industry standards to ensure the efficient,safe,and sustainable use of copper slag.Through t

关 键 词：铜冶炼渣 资源化 研究现状 有价金属 材料 

分 类 号：TD98[矿业工程—选矿]