江苏地方戏发展南北失衡原因探析  

An Analysis of the Reasons for Imbalanced Development of Jiangsu Local Operas Between the Northern and Southern Parts of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：赵兴勤 ZHAO Xing-qin(School of Literature,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221000)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院,江苏徐州221000

出　　处：《艺术百家》2025年第1期115-125,共11页Hundred Schools In Arts

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“新中国成立70周年中国戏曲史(江苏卷)”(项目编号:19ZD05)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：江苏地方戏的发展曾存在比较明显的失衡现象,在一定程度上呈现北强南弱之势。文章从四个层面剖析原因:一是地理因素与文化政策。相较于苏南,苏北的民间戏曲一直在较为宽松的社会环境下生长,各种戏班在乡镇较为活跃。二是风俗人情与就业途径。苏北较苏南经济欠发达,就业面窄,投师学戏是旧时穷苦之家孩子的一条重要出路。三是生存空间与艺术走向。大量身怀绝技的艺人为了谋发展,“漂”至京、沪等地,使萌芽于当地的小戏弱化和边缘化。这种情况在苏南更加普遍。四是水陆交通与语言差异。运河水运的衰落导致扬州、淮安等地的戏曲风光不再。交通区位优势和铁路的便利使各路艺人聚拢徐州,加速了地方戏艺术的流播。通过总结历史经验,地方戏的传承发展应把握三条原则:必须尊重本剧种的个性;必须始终具备地方色彩;必须避免趋同化现象。There is a significant imbalance in the development of local operas in Jiangsu,showing a trend that the local operas in the north are more prosperous while those in the south are less prosperous to a certain extent.The article an-alyzes the reasons from four aspects.First of all,this imbalance is due to geographical factors and cultural policies.Compared with the southern region of Jiangsu,the folk opera in northern Jiangsu has always grown in a relatively relax-ed social environment,and various opera troupes are more active in rural areas.Secondly,this imbalance is because of its custom and employment opportunities.The economy in northern Jiangsu was less developed than that in southern Jiangsu,and the employment opportunities were narow.Learning opera was an important way for children from poor families to survive in that era.The third reason is related with the living place and artistic direction.A large number of skilled artists,in order to seek greater development,go to Beijing,Shanghai and other places to make a living,mak-ing the small dramas that originated in the local area more marginalized.This situation is more common in the south-ern region of Jiangsu.The fourth is the difference between land and water transportation and language.The decline of canal water transportation has led to the decline of traditional Chinese opera in places such as Yangzhou and Huaian.The advantages of transportation location and the convenience of railways have led various artists to gather in Xuzhou,accelerating the dissemination of local opera art.Based on the historical experiences,the inheritance and development of local opera should be concluded in three principles.Firstly,the development of local opera must respect the unique-ness of the opera.Secondly,it must always maintain its local color.Once again,it must avoid the phenomenon of as-similation.

关 键 词：江苏地方戏 南北失衡 北强南弱 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]