中缅边境地区云南省沧源县2023年鼠疫疫源地调查  

Investigation of plague foci in Cangyuan County, Yunnan Province, China-Myanmar border region in 2023

作　　者：李思雨 邵宗体[1] 刘正祥[1] 洪梅[1] 蔡文凤[1] 曹荣季 詹泽敏 李贵莲 孙维江 田光强 李玉琼[1] LI Siyu;SHAO Zongti;LIU Zhengxiang;HONG Mei;CAI Wenfeng;CAO Rongji;ZHAN Zemin;LI Guilian;SUN Weijiang;TIAM Guangqiang;LI Yuqiong(Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention/Yunnan Provincial Plague Prevention and Control Research Center/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Epidemic Disease Prevention and Control Technology,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Lincang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lincang,Yunnan 677000,China;Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Cangyuan,Yunnan 677400,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南省鼠疫防治研究中心,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南大理671000 [2]临沧市疾病预防控制中心,云南临沧677000 [3]沧源佤族自治县疾病预防控制中心,云南沧源677400

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2025年第2期136-140,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.U2202216);云南省基础研究计划面上项目(No.2019FB104)。

摘　　要：目的 了解中缅边境云南省沧源县鼠疫宿主媒介、指示动物和居民感染鼠疫菌的情况,探讨鼠疫流行风险,为该地区补充鼠疫资料及防控工作提供参考依据。方法 于2023年在沧源县3个乡镇开展鼠疫调查,对采集的鼠形动物脏器和体表寄生蚤进行细菌培养,采集的边境居民、指示动物和宿主动物血清使用间接血凝实验(indirect hemagglutination assay, IHA)进行鼠疫F1抗体检测,IHA初筛阳性样本采用IHA、免疫胶体金检验(immune colloidal gold assay, GICA)和上转发光吸附试验(up-converting phosphor technology, UPT)进行复判。结果 共采集边境居民血清294份,年龄为(48.48±14.27)岁,女性多于男性,鼠疫F1抗体检出阳性3份,阳性率1.02%;采集指示动物犬血清65份,宿主动物黄胸鼠血清31份,鼠疫F1抗体检测均为阴性。捕获鼠形动物3目5科11属14种198只,总捕获率7.93%,以黄胸鼠(46.97%)、黑缘齿鼠(19.19%)为优势种;室内捕获率为3.72%,黄胸鼠为绝对优势种(100.00%);野外捕获率10.26%,以黄胸鼠(36.36%)、黑缘齿鼠(23.03%)、锡金小鼠(10.30%)和毛猬(10.30%)为优势种。检获蚤类3科5属6种60匹,染蚤率为11.62%,总蚤指数为0.30,以印鼠客蚤(28.34%)、偏远古蚤(23.33%)、方叶栉眼蚤(18.33%)、无孔微棒蚤(15.00%)、内曲古蚤(11.67%)为优势种。病原学分离培养鼠形动物脏器样本198份,蚤类样本24组,均未分离到鼠疫菌。结论 调查尚未发现鼠形动物、体表寄生蚤和指示动物犬近期感染过鼠疫菌,但边境地区居民中存在一定比例的鼠疫F1抗体阳性人群,黄胸鼠和印鼠客蚤是该县主要宿主和媒介生物第一优势种,室内黄胸鼠密度超过3%,达到动物鼠疫Ⅳ预警,疫源地存在复燃风险。Objective To understand the situation of plague host vectors,indicator animals and residents infected with plague bacteria in Cangyuan County,Yunnan Province,China-Myanmar border region,and to explore the risk of plague epidemic,so as to provide reference basis for supplementary plague data and prevention and control in this area.Methods A plague survey was carried out in three townships in Cangyuan County in 2023.The collected host animals organs and body surface parasitic fleas were bacterial cultured.Serum collected from border residents,indicator animals,and host animals was tested for plague F1 antibodies using indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA).The positive samples were rejudged by IHA,immune colloidal gold assay(GICA)and up-converting phosphor technology(UPT).Results Totally 294 serum samples were collected from border residents,with an average age of(48.48±14.27)years old,with more females than males.Three were positive for F1 antibody against Yersinia pestis,with a positive rate of 1.02%.And 65 samples of indicator animal serum and 31 samples of Rattus tanezumi serum were collected,and the detection of plague F1 antibody was negative.And 198 rodents belonging to 3 orders,5 families,11 genus and 14 species were captured,with a total capture rate of 7.93%,with Rattus tanezumi(46.97%)and Rattus andamanensis(19.19%)as the dominant species.The capture rate in residential indoor areas was 3.72%,and Rattus tanezumi was the absolutely dominant species(100.00%).The capture rate in farming areas was 10.26%,the dominant species were Rattus tanezumi(36.36%),Rattus andamanensis(23.03%),Mus pahari(10.30%)and Hylomys suillus(10.30%).And 60 fleas belonging to 3 families,5 genera and 6 species were seized,the average infection rate of fleas was 11.62%,and the total flea index was 0.30.The dominant species were Xenopsylla cheopis(28.34%),Palaeopsylla remota(23.33%),Ctenophthalmus quadratus(18.33%),Stivalius aporus(15.00%)and Palaeopsylla incurua(11.67%).A total of 198 murine organ samples were isolated and cultured,and

关 键 词：鼠疫 疫源地调查 中缅边境地区 沧源县 

分 类 号：R561.8[医药卫生—呼吸系统]