南京市2020—2024年医疗机构污水消毒质量及管理现状调查  

Survey on the quality and management status of medical institution wastewater disinfection in medical institutions in Nanjing from 2020 to 2024

作　　者：陆墨原 陈凯歌 王冲[1] 陈航 王白茹 张守刚[1] LU Moyuan;CHEN Kaige;WANG Chong;CHEN Hang;WANG Bairu;ZHANG Shougang(Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2025年第2期192-197,共6页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：江苏省卫生健康委科研项目(No.M2020038);南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目(No.YKK22191)。

摘　　要：目的 分析南京市医疗机构2020—2024年污水消毒质量变化及影响因素,为医疗机构感染控制部门在污水监测和管理方面工作提供依据。方法 以南京市28家医疗机构为调查对象,对2020—2024年医院污水样品进行微生物和总余氯检测,比较近5年污水消毒质量合格率的变化情况,并对医院污水消毒处置、污水排放、污水处理设备、污水在线监测系统等情况进行现况调查。结果 本研究2020—2024年共完成140家(次)医疗机构污水的采集,近5年医院污水消毒质量呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)趋势=6.986,P<0.05),微生物项目合格率为82.14%(115/140),2024年总余氯项目现场检测合格率仅为56.52%(13/23)。被调查的28家医疗机构中,85.71%(24/28)由第三方外包公司实施消毒工作,14.29%(4/28)由医疗机构人员实施,消毒合格率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.200,P>0.05);82.14%(23/28)的医疗机构使用次氯酸钠消毒污水,其他消毒方式为二氧化氯(7.14%,2/28)、单过硫酸氢钾(7.14%,2/28)和臭氧(3.57%,1/28);其中次氯酸钠和二氧化氯消毒合格率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.802,P<0.05);25家医疗机构已安装污水在线监测系统,其中16.00%(4/25)的医疗机构尚未覆盖全项目监测。结论 南京市2020—2024年医疗机构污水消毒质量下降,亟需提高对污水监测的重视程度,减少医院污水内排放的病原微生物等对人居环境的影响。Objective To analyze the changes in wastewater disinfection quality and influencing factors of medical institutions in Nanjing from 2020 to 2024,providing a reference for infection control departments in medical institutions regarding wastewater monitoring and management.Methods A total of 28 medical institutions in Nanjing were selected as the survey subjects.Microbial and total residual chlorine tests were conducted on hospital wastewater samples from 2020 to 2024 to compare the changes in the qualified rate of wastewater disinfection over the past five years.A current status investigation was also carried out on wastewater disinfection management,wastewater discharge,wastewater treatment equipment,and wastewater online monitoring systems in these hospitals.Results From 2020 to 2024,140 samples of hospital wastewater were collected.Over the past five years,the disinfection quality of hospital wastewater showed a downward trend,with statistically significant differences(χ²trend=6.986,P<0.05).The qualified rate for microbial indicators was 82.14%(115/140),while the on-site qualified rate for the total residual chlorine test in 2024 was only 56.52%.Among the 28 surveyed medical institutions,85.71%(24/28)outsourced disinfection work to third-party companies,while 14.29%(4/28)carried out disinfection by institutional staff,with no statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=0.200,P>0.05)in the qualified rate of disinfection.Sodium hypochlorite was used to disinfect wastewater in 82.14%(23/28)of the institutions,while other disinfection methods included chlorine dioxide(7.14%,2/28),potassium monopersulfate(7.14%,2/28),and ozone(3.57%,1/28).A statistically significant difference in disinfection qualification rates was observed between sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide(χ^(2)=6.802,P<0.05).Additionally,wastewater online monitoring systems had been installed in 25 institutions,but 16.00%(4/25)of them had yet to achieve full project monitoring coverage.Conclusion From 2020 to 2024,the quality of wastewater disin

关 键 词：医疗机构 污水 消毒质量管理 环境监测 南京 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]