云南省2017—2023年野鼠疫源地鼠疫流行病学分析  

Plague epidemiology in plague focus of wild rodents in Yunnan Province,2017-2023

作　　者：石庆喜 浦恩念 苏丽琼[2] 苏超[2] 高子厚 SHI Qingxi;PU Ennian;SU Liqiong;SU Chao;GAO Zihou(School of Public Health,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000 [2]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2025年第1期36-40,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.32360248)。

摘　　要：目的分析云南省野鼠疫源地2017—2023年鼠疫疫情流行特点、鼠疫宿主媒介群落结构及数量,为该疫源地制定鼠疫防治策略及预测预警提供科学依据。方法按《全国鼠疫监测方案》及《云南省鼠疫监测方案》要求开展宿主媒介监测及病原学和血清学检测,收集2017—2023年云南野鼠疫源地鼠疫疫情资料和宿主媒介监测数据,采用Excel 2019软件建立数据库,进行描述性分析。结果2017—2023年,云南省野鼠疫源地累计发现动物间鼠疫疫情11起,疫点18个,7个疫点分布海拔2800~<3000 m,7个疫点分布海拔3000~<3200 m,4个疫点位于海拔≥3200 m的区域;共检出宿主动物阳性样本28份,媒介动物阳性样本8份,分离出鼠疫菌29株;大绒鼠(Eothenomys miletus)占41.67%,其次为齐氏姬鼠(Apodemus chevrieri)占22.22%,方叶栉眼蚤(Ctenophthalmus quadratus)占11.11%,黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)和特新蚤指名亚种(Neopsylla specialis)各占8.33%,珀氏长吻松鼠(Dremomys pernyi)、鼠尸残骸及棕形额蚤(Frontopsyllas padix)各占2.78%;流行高峰为4月,未发现人间病例。共放置鼠笼(夹)453220个,捕鼠27677只,平均捕获率为6.11%。捕获主要宿主齐氏姬鼠和大绒鼠共计25075只,占总捕获率的90.60%。共检获小兽体表寄生蚤14700匹,总染蚤率为23.13%,蚤指数为0.59,主要媒介为方叶栉眼蚤和特新蚤指名亚种,构成比分别为45.71%和22.69%。结论2017—2023年云南野鼠疫源地主要宿主动物种群密度较高且呈上升趋势,可能与当地种植结构有关,鼠疫对宿主种群结构也起调节作用。动物间疫情呈现明显的季节性,疫区范围有扩大趋势。未发现人间病例,但在人居区的黄胸鼠中检出鼠疫菌,存在较大动物间鼠疫波及人间的可能。提示需加强疫源地毗邻地区的监测,做好春季灭鼠灭蚤工作,提高鼠疫预测预警的精准度,为动物间鼠疫早期发现、防止疫情传播到人间提供有力的技术支持。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of plague epidemics,host and vector community structure,and abundance in plague focus of wild rodents in Yunnan Province,2017-2023,providing a scientific basis for formulating plague prevention strategies and forecasting warning for this epidemic foci.Methods Following the requirements of the"National Plague Surveillance Plan"and the"Yunnan Provincial Plague Surveillance Plan",host-vector surveillance,etiology,and serological testing were carried out,and plague epidemic data and host-vector surveillance data in plague focus of wild rodents in Yunnan Province,2017-2023 were collected and sorted using Excel 2019 software to create a database for descriptive analysis.Results From 2017 to 2023,11 animal plague epidemics were discovered in the wild plague foci of Yunnan Province,with 18 epidemic spots.From the altitude distribution point of view,7 epidemic spots were distributed at an altitude of 2800-3000 meters,another seven at 3000 and 3200 meters,and four spots were located in areas with an altitude of≥3200 meters;a total of 36 samples of host and vector animals were detected positive,including 28 positive samples of host animals and 8 positive samples of vector animals,and 29 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated;in terms of species composition,Eothenomys miletus accounted for the largest proportion of 41.67%,followed by Apodemus chevrieri at 22.22%;Ctenophthalmus quadratus at 11.11%;Rattus tanezumi and Neopsylla specialis each at 8.33%,and Dremomys pernyi,rat carcass,and Frontopsyllas padix each accounted for 2.78%;the epidemic peaked in April,and no human cases were found.A total of 453220 rat cages(traps)were placed,capturing 27677 rodents,with an average capture rate of 6.11%.A total of 25075 main hosts,Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomys miletus,were captured,accounting for 90.60%of the total capture rate.A total of 14700 fleas were seized on the surface of small animals,with a total flea infection rate of 23.13%and a flea index of 0.59.The main vectors we

关 键 词：鼠疫 野鼠疫源地 动物间鼠疫 分布 宿主 云南省 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学] R181.2[医药卫生—临床医学]