我国2017—2022年土源性线虫病监测分析  

Analysis of soil-transmitted helminthiasis surveillance in China from 2017 to 2022

作　　者：赵锦[1,2] 周银柱 陈水连[1] 邱劲松[1] 杨学文 ZHAO Jin;ZHOU Yinzhu;CHEN Shuilian;QIU Jinsong;YANG Xuewen(Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hu'nan 410000,China;Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province,School of Medicine,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hu'nan 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410000 [2]湖南师范大学医学院分子流行病学湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2025年第1期41-45,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(No.2024JJ9547)。

摘　　要：目的分析我国土源性线虫病的流行现况,为土源性线虫防控提供参考依据。方法收集2017—2022年我国土源性线虫病监测信息,对土源性线虫感染现况、感染趋势、空间自相关进行统计分析。结果2017—2022年,我国土源性线虫年平均感染率(average annual infection rate,AAIR)为1.12%(25123/2251632),其中钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫AAIR分别为0.70%、0.26%、0.20%(15827例、5836例、4586例)。土源性线虫感染率年均降低17.16%(AAPC=-17.16,P=0.007),其中钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫感染率年均降低值分别为14.70%、22.13%、20.56%(AAPC=-14.70,P=0.025;AAPC=-22.13,P=0.015;AAPC=-20.56,P=0.029)。钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫的地区分布均呈空间正相关(Moran′s I=0.09,P=0.121;Moran′s I=0.46,P=0.001;Moran′s I=0.23,P=0.013),蛔虫的空间聚集性最强。男性和女性AAIR分别为1.03%(11308/1100016)、1.20%(13851/1149286),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=154.19,P<0.001)。60岁以上人群AAIR最高1.85%(10949/590621),各年龄组差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4426.44,P<0.001)。钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫均以轻度感染为主。土壤蛔虫卵、钩蚴的年平均阳性率为4.06%(649/15984)、2.45%(391/15984),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=66.16,P<0.001)。结论我国土源性线虫感染率较低,且呈下降趋势,但呈现局部高发现象,老年人、女性是感染的风险人群。为进一步阻断土源性线虫传播,需采取扩大监测范围、创新监测技术、推进农村厕所革命等综合措施。Objective To analyze the current epidemic status of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(STHs)in China,providing reference data for the prevention and control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis.Methods Surveillance data on soil-transmitted helminthiasis in China from 2017 to 2022 were collected and statistically analyzed to investigate the infection status,infection trends,and spatial autocorrelation.Results From 2017 to 2022,the average annual infection rate(AAIR)of soil-transmitted helminthiasis was 1.12%(25123/2251632),with hookworm,roundworm,and whipworm having AAIRs of 0.70%,0.26%,and 0.20%(15827 cases,5836 cases and 4586 cases),respectively.The infection rate of soil-transmitted helminths decreased annually by an average of 17.16%(AAPC=-17.16,P=0.007),with annual decreases in the infection rates of hookworm,roundworm,and whipworm being 14.70%,22.13%,and 20.56%,respectively(AAPC=-14.70,P=0.025;AAPC=-22.13,P=0.015;AAPC=-20.56,P=0.029).The spatial distribution of hookworm,roundworm,and whipworm exhibited spatial positive correlation(Moran's I=0.09,P=0.121;Moran's I=0.46,P=0.001;Moran's I=0.23,P=0.013),with roundworm showing the highest spatial aggregation.The AAIRs of males and females were 1.03%(11308/1100016)and 1.20%(13851/1149286),respectively,with statistical significance(χ^(2)=154.19,P<0.001).The highest AAIR was 1.85%(10949/590621)in individuals over 60 years old,with statistical significance across different age groups(χ^(2)=4426.44,P<0.001).Hookworm,roundworm,and whipworm were mainly mild infections.The average annual positive rates of soil ascaris eggs and hookworms were 4.06%(649/15984)and 2.45%(391/15984),respectively,with statistical significance(χ^(2)=66.16,P<0.001).Conclusions The infection rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in China is relatively low and shows a downward trend.Yet,there are local high-prevalence areas,with the elderly and females being the risk-prone populations.Comprehensive measures including expanding the monitoring scope,innovating monitoring technology,and promoting the ru

关 键 词：土源性线虫 钩虫 蛔虫 鞭虫 joinpoint回归分析 空间自相关 

分 类 号：R532[医药卫生—内科学]