海南省2023年1月——2024年3月新型冠状病毒变异监测分析  

Surveillance analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Hainan Province from January 2023 to March 2024

作　　者：崔蕾 李丹丹[1] 邱丽[1] 孙初阳 邝仕壮 甘晓婷[1] 蔡英桂 曾云婷 王素 魏昕 马焱[1] CUI Lei;LI Dandan;QIU Li;SUN Chuyang;KUANG Shizhuang;GAN Xiaoting;CAI Yinggui;ZENG Yunting;WANG Su;WEI Xin;MA Yan(Hainan Center of Diseases Prevention and Control,Haikou,Hainan 571129,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南海口571129

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2025年第1期52-56,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.820MS157)。

摘　　要：目的分析2023年1月至2024年3月海南省本土病例新冠病毒变异监测资料,掌握优势流行分支动态变化趋势与人群特征,为新冠病毒感染及时预警风险与防控策略制定提供科学指导。方法收集2023年1月至2024年3月海南省5家哨点医院报送的变异监测数据,并对优势进化分支动态流行趋势、感染病例人群特征、疾病严重程度等进行一般描述性分析。结果2023年1月至2024年3月,共获得海南省2600例本土病例进化分支信息,均为奥密克戎变异株,涉及115种进化分支;依次经历2023年第1周至2024年第13周BA.5.2.48与BF.7竞争流行、2023年第16周至2023年第52周XBB及其亚分支优势流行、2024年第1周至第13周BA.2.86及其亚分支优势流行3个阶段,伴随Omicron BA.2.75呈小规模散发流行;所有分支感染病例年龄构成中,>18~60岁年龄组占比均为第1位,<4岁年龄组均最低,无明显性别差异,临床疾病严重程度均以无症状及轻型为主。结论新型冠状病毒不同优势进化分支呈依次替代流行特征,临床疾病严重程度逐渐降低。未来应重点关注>60岁老年人群或>18~60岁有基础疾病人群,持续加强新冠病毒变异监测与分析,及时掌握优势进化分支动态流行趋势,关注新型变异分支免疫原性及疫苗保护力变化,为疫苗研发、临床治疗、防控与免疫策略制定提供科学指导。Objective To analyze the monitoring data of SARS-CoV-2 variants from local cases in Hainan Province between January 2023 and March 2024,and to understand the predominant variants epidemic situation and population characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Hainan Province,providing scientific guidance for the prevention and control strategies formulation,early warning of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods The variation surveillance data submitted by five sentinel monitoring hospitals in Hainan Province from January 2023 to March 2024 were collected,and general descriptive analysis was conducted on the dynamic epidemic trend of the dominant clade,population characteristics,and disease severity.Results From January 2023 to March 2024,a total of 2600 local cases clade information in Hainan Province were collected,all of which were Omicron variant strains involving 115 evolutionary branches.The three phases identified include:the co-dominance of BA.5.2.48 and BF.7 from the first week of 2023 to the 13th week of 2024;the prevalence of XBB and its subclades from the 16th to the 52nd week of 2023;and the predominance of BA.2.86 and its subclades from the first to the 13th week of 2024,with Omicron BA.2.75 causing small-scale sporadic outbreaks.Among all the age groups of branch infection cases,individuals aged>18~60 years constituted the largest group,while those under 4 years were the smallest,with no significant gender differences.The severity of the clinical disease was mainly asymptomatic and mild.Conclusions Different dominant evolutionary clades of SARS-CoV-2 showed sequential replacement characteristics,and the clinical severity of illnesses has gradually decreased.In the future,the focus should be on individuals aged>60 years and above and those aged>18~60 years with underlying conditions,along with continuous enhancement of variant monitoring and analysis.This will ensure a timely understanding of the dynamic epidemic trend of dominant evolutionary clades in time,and focus on the immunogenicity of the new variant br

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 奥密克戎 监测 海南 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]